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Dropout is a regularization technique widely used in training artificial neural networks to mitigate overfitting. It consists of dynamically deactivating subsets of the network during training to promote more robust representations. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Francesca Mignacco

We introduce Dynamic Dropout, a novel regularization technique designed to enhance the training efficiency of Transformer models by dynamically adjusting the dropout rate based on training epochs or validation loss improvements. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Hanrui Yan , Dan Shao

Dropout is a simple but efficient regularization technique for achieving better generalization of deep neural networks (DNNs); hence it is widely used in tasks based on DNNs. During training, dropout randomly discards a portion of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Hiroshi Inoue

Dropout is designed to relieve the overfitting problem in high-level vision tasks but is rarely applied in low-level vision tasks, like image super-resolution (SR). As a classic regression problem, SR exhibits a different behaviour as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Xiangtao Kong , Xina Liu , Jinjin Gu , Yu Qiao , Chao Dong

Dropout is a widely used regularization trick to resolve the overfitting issue in large feedforward neural networks trained on a small dataset, which performs poorly on the held-out test subset. Although the effectiveness of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Suman Adhya , Avishek Lahiri , Debarshi Kumar Sanyal

Domain generalization (DG) aims to learn a generic model from multiple observed source domains that generalizes well to arbitrary unseen target domains without further training. The major challenge in DG is that the model inevitably faces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Jintao Guo , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Originally, dropout was seen as a breakthrough regularization technique that reduced overfitting and improved performance in almost all applications of deep learning by reducing overfitting. Yet, single-epoch pretraining tasks common to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Houjun Liu , John Bauer , Christopher D. Manning

Contrary to most machine learning models, modern deep artificial neural networks typically include multiple components that contribute to regularization. Despite the fact that some (explicit) regularization techniques, such as weight decay…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Alex Hernández-García , Peter König

Dropout, a simple and effective way to train deep neural networks, has led to a number of impressive empirical successes and spawned many recent theoretical investigations. However, the gap between dropout's training and inference phases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Xuezhe Ma , Yingkai Gao , Zhiting Hu , Yaoliang Yu , Yuntian Deng , Eduard Hovy

Dropout as a common regularizer to prevent overfitting in deep neural networks has been less effective in convolutional layers than in fully connected layers. This is because Dropout drops features randomly, without considering local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Liyan Chen , Philippos Mordohai , Sergul Aydore

As access to high-quality, domain-specific data grows increasingly scarce, multi-epoch training has become a practical strategy for adapting large language models (LLMs). However, autoregressive models often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiapeng Wang , Yiwen Hu , Yanzipeng Gao , Haoyu Wang , Shuo Wang , Hongyu Lu , Jiaxin Mao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Junyi Li , Xiao Zhang

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on downstream tasks is apt to suffer from overfitting when limited training data is available. While dropout proves to be an effective antidote by randomly dropping a proportion of units,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Tao Yang , Jinghao Deng , Xiaojun Quan , Qifan Wang , Shaoliang Nie

Neural networks are often over-parameterized and hence benefit from aggressive regularization. Conventional regularization methods, such as Dropout or weight decay, do not leverage the structures of the network's inputs and hidden states.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Hieu Pham , Quoc V. Le

Overfitting is a major problem in training machine learning models, specifically deep neural networks. This problem may be caused by imbalanced datasets and initialization of the model parameters, which conforms the model too closely to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Hojjat Salehinejad , Shahrokh Valaee

Overparameterized transformer networks have obtained state of the art results in various natural language processing tasks, such as machine translation, language modeling, and question answering. These models contain hundreds of millions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Angela Fan , Edouard Grave , Armand Joulin

Deep learning has led to a dramatic leap on Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) performances in recent years. %Despite the substantial advancement% While most existing work assumes a simple and fixed degradation model (e.g., bicubic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Hongjun Wang , Jiyuan Chen , Yinqiang Zheng , Tieyong Zeng

Regularization is important for end-to-end speech models, since the models are highly flexible and easy to overfit. Data augmentation and dropout has been important for improving end-to-end models in other domains. However, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Yingbo Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

In the last decade, exponential data growth supplied the machine learning-based algorithms' capacity and enabled their usage in daily life activities. Additionally, such an improvement is partially explained due to the advent of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Claudio Filipi Goncalves do Santos , Mateus Roder , Leandro A. Passos , João P. Papa

Dropout and other feature noising schemes control overfitting by artificially corrupting the training data. For generalized linear models, dropout performs a form of adaptive regularization. Using this viewpoint, we show that the dropout…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-11-04 Stefan Wager , Sida Wang , Percy Liang

Despite dropout's ubiquity in machine learning, its effectiveness as a form of data augmentation remains under-explored. We address two key questions: (i) When is dropout effective as an augmentation strategy? (ii) Is dropout uniquely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Rickard Brüel-Gabrielsson , Tongzhou Wang , Manel Baradad , Justin Solomon