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We study language ideologies in text produced by LLMs through a case study on English gendered language reform (related to role nouns like congressperson/-woman/-man, and singular they). First, we find political bias: when asked to use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Julia Watson , Sophia Lee , Barend Beekhuizen , Suzanne Stevenson

Gender-inclusive language is often used with the aim of ensuring that all individuals, regardless of gender, can be associated with certain concepts. While psycholinguistic studies have examined its effects in relation to human cognition,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Marion Bartl , Thomas Brendan Murphy , Susan Leavy

With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) across various applications, assessing the influence of gender biases embedded in LLMs becomes crucial. The topic of gender bias within the realm of natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jinman Zhao , Yitian Ding , Chen Jia , Yining Wang , Zifan Qian

This work provides an explanatory view of how LLMs can apply moral reasoning to both criticize and defend sexist language. We assessed eight large language models, all of which demonstrated the capability to provide explanations grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rongchen Guo , Isar Nejadgholi , Hillary Dawkins , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko

This paper examines how Large Language Models (LLMs) reproduce societal norms, particularly heterocisnormativity, and how these norms translate into measurable biases in their text generations. We investigate whether explicit information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mae Sosto , Delfina Sol Martinez Pandiani , Laura Hollink

In recent years, various methods have been proposed to evaluate gender bias in large language models (LLMs). A key challenge lies in the transferability of bias measurement methods initially developed for the English language when applied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Kristin Gnadt , David Thulke , Simone Kopeinik , Ralf Schlüter

This paper investigates biases of Large Language Models (LLMs) through the lens of grammatical gender. Drawing inspiration from seminal works in psycholinguistics, particularly the study of gender's influence on language perception, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Viktor Mihaylov , Aleksandar Shtedritski

Large language models (LLMs) often inherit and amplify social biases embedded in their training data. A prominent social bias is gender bias. In this regard, prior work has mainly focused on gender stereotyping bias - the association of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Erik Derner , Sara Sansalvador de la Fuente , Yoan Gutiérrez , Paloma Moreda , Nuria Oliver

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial progress in the past several months, shattering state-of-the-art benchmarks in many domains. This paper investigates LLMs' behavior with respect to gender stereotypes, a known issue for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Hadas Kotek , Rikker Dockum , David Q. Sun

In subjective decision-making, where decisions are based on contextual interpretation, Large Language Models (LLMs) can be integrated to present users with additional rationales to consider. The diversity of these rationales is mediated by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Paula Akemi Aoyagui , Kelsey Stemmler , Sharon Ferguson , Young-ho Kim , Anastasia Kuzminykh

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into healthcare holds promise to enhance clinical decision-making, yet their susceptibility to biases remains a critical concern. Gender has long influenced physician behaviors and patient…

A large body of research has found substantial gender bias in NLP systems. Most of this research takes a binary, essentialist view of gender: limiting its variation to the categories _men_ and _women_, conflating gender with sex, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ruby Ostrow , Adam Lopez

We discuss how desirable it is that Large Language Models (LLMs) be able to adapt or align their language behavior with users who may be diverse in their language use. User diversity may come about among others due to i) age differences;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Pia Knoeferle , Sebastian Möller , Dorothea Kolossa , Veronika Solopova , Georg Rehm

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in user-facing applications, from providing medical consultations to job interview advice. Recent research suggests that these models are becoming increasingly proficient at inferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Matthew Kearney , Reuben Binns , Yarin Gal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet concerns persist regarding their tendency to reflect or amplify social biases. This study introduces a novel evaluation framework to uncover gender biases in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Evan Chen , Run-Jun Zhan , Yan-Bai Lin , Hung-Hsuan Chen

This paper investigates gender bias in Large Language Model (LLM)-generated teacher evaluations in higher education setting, focusing on evaluations produced by GPT-4 across six academic subjects. By applying a comprehensive analytical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuanning Huang

LLMs have emerged as a promising tool for assisting individuals in diverse text-generation tasks, including job-related texts. However, LLM-generated answers have been increasingly found to exhibit gender bias. This study evaluates three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Haein Kong , Yongsu Ahn , Sangyub Lee , Yunho Maeng

As large language models (LLMs) have been used in many downstream tasks, the internal stereotypical representation may affect the fairness of the outputs. In this work, we introduce human knowledge into natural language interventions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Damin Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) reflect societal norms and biases, especially about gender. While societal biases and stereotypes have been extensively researched in various NLP applications, there is a surprising gap for emotion analysis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Amanda Cercas Curry , Alba Curry , Gavin Abercrombie , Dirk Hovy

Large language models (LLMs) acquire beliefs about gender from training data and can therefore generate text with stereotypical gender attitudes. Prior studies have demonstrated model generations favor one gender or exhibit stereotypes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sharon Levy , William D. Adler , Tahilin Sanchez Karver , Mark Dredze , Michelle R. Kaufman
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