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With the advent of diffusion models, Text-to-Image (T2I) generation has seen substantial advancements. Current T2I models allow users to specify object colors using linguistic color names, and some methods aim to personalize color-object…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Qianru Qiu , Jiafeng Mao , Xueting Wang

Text-to-image diffusion models (T2I DMs) have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality and diverse images from text prompts, yet recent studies have revealed their vulnerability to backdoor attacks. Existing attack methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haoran Dai , Jiawen Wang , Ruo Yang , Manali Sharma , Zhonghao Liao , Yuan Hong , Binghui Wang

AI-enabled Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) systems increasingly employ autonomous agents for cyber defense, yet their resilience to adaptive adversaries is underexplored. We introduce an autonomous red teaming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ayan Javeed Shaikh , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Ankit Shah

Impressive advances in text-to-image (T2I) generative models have yielded a plethora of high performing models which are able to generate aesthetically appealing, photorealistic images. Despite the progress, these models still struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Oscar Mañas , Pietro Astolfi , Melissa Hall , Candace Ross , Jack Urbanek , Adina Williams , Aishwarya Agrawal , Adriana Romero-Soriano , Michal Drozdzal

Using risky text prompts, such as pornography and violent prompts, to test the safety of text-to-image (T2I) models is a critical task. However, existing risky prompt datasets are limited in three key areas: 1) limited risky categories, 2)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Chenyu Zhang , Tairen Zhang , Lanjun Wang , Ruidong Chen , Wenhui Li , Anan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into high-stakes applications, making robust safety guarantees a central practical and commercial concern. Existing safety evaluations predominantly rely on fixed collections of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zafir Shamsi , Nikhil Chekuru , Zachary Guzman , Shivank Garg

Text-to-image (T2I) models, though exhibiting remarkable creativity in image generation, can be exploited to produce unsafe images. Existing safety measures, e.g., content moderation or model alignment, fail in the presence of white-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xinfeng Li , Shengyuan Pang , Jialin Wu , Jiangyi Deng , Huanlong Zhong , Yanjiao Chen , Jie Zhang , Wenyuan Xu

Red-teaming, or identifying prompts that elicit harmful responses, is a critical step in ensuring the safe and responsible deployment of large language models (LLMs). Developing effective protection against many modes of attack prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Seanie Lee , Minsu Kim , Lynn Cherif , David Dobre , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Gauthier Gidel , Yoshua Bengio , Nikolay Malkin , Moksh Jain

Rubric-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with complex, open-domain instruction following tasks. However, existing methods predominantly rely on response-level…

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have had great success, and many benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate their performance and safety. However, they only consider explicit prompts while neglecting implicit prompts (hint at a target…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yue Yang , Yuqi Lin , Hong Liu , Wenqi Shao , Runjian Chen , Hailong Shang , Yu Wang , Yu Qiao , Kaipeng Zhang , Ping Luo

Large text-to-image models demonstrate impressive generation capabilities; however, their substantial size necessitates expensive cloud servers for deployment. Conversely, light-weight models can be deployed on edge devices at lower cost…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Zewei Xin , Qinya Li , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used, they remain susceptible to jailbreak prompts that can elicit harmful or inappropriate responses. This paper introduces STAR-Teaming, a novel black-box framework for automated red teaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 MinJae Jung , YongTaek Lim , Chaeyun Kim , Junghwan Kim , Kihyun Kim , Minwoo Kim

Red teaming is a common strategy for identifying weaknesses in generative language models (LMs), where adversarial prompts are produced that trigger an LM to generate unsafe responses. Red teaming is instrumental for both model alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Nevan Wichers , Carson Denison , Ahmad Beirami

Red teaming has proven to be an effective method for identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) has emerged as a promising strategy among existing red teaming techniques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xiang Zheng , Xingjun Ma , Wei-Bin Lee , Cong Wang

While recent automated red-teaming methods show promise for systematically exposing model vulnerabilities, most existing approaches rely on human-specified workflows. This dependence on manually designed workflows suffers from human biases…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiayi Yuan , Jonathan Nöther , Natasha Jaques , Goran Radanović

Text-to-image (T2I) generation models have made significant strides but still struggle with prompt sensitivity: even minor changes in prompt wording can yield inconsistent or inaccurate outputs. To address this challenge, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Mohammad Abdul Hafeez Khan , Yash Jain , Siddhartha Bhattacharyya , Vibhav Vineet

We investigate a general approach for improving user prompts in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models by finding prompts that maximize a reward function specified at test-time. Although diverse reward models are used for evaluating image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Semin Kim , Yeonwoo Cha , Jaehoon Yoo , Seunghoon Hong

Task-oriented LLM-based agents are increasingly used in domains with strict policies, such as refund eligibility or cancellation rules. The challenge lies in ensuring that the agent consistently adheres to these rules and policies,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Itay Nakash , George Kour , Koren Lazar , Matan Vetzler , Guy Uziel , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Text-to-Video (T2V) models are capable of synthesizing high-quality, temporally coherent dynamic video content, but the diverse generation also inherently introduces critical safety challenges. Existing safety evaluation methods,which focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Jiaming He , Guanyu Hou , Hongwei Li , Zhicong Huang , Kangjie Chen , Yi Yu , Wenbo Jiang , Guowen Xu , Tianwei Zhang

In the text-to-image generation field, recent remarkable progress in Stable Diffusion makes it possible to generate rich kinds of novel photorealistic images. However, current models still face misalignment issues (e.g., problematic spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Leigang Qu , Shengqiong Wu , Hao Fei , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua