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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in language understanding and reasoning across diverse domains. Recently, there has been increasing interest in utilizing LLMs not merely as assistants in optimization tasks, but…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jie Zhao , Tao Wen , Kang Hao Cheong

The fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled them to recently achieve milestones in natural language processing applications. The emergence of ever larger LLMs has paved the way for more efficient fine-tuning methods. Among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Christophe Tribes , Sacha Benarroch-Lelong , Peng Lu , Ivan Kobyzev

Although large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in biomolecule optimization problems, they incur heavy computational costs and struggle to satisfy precise constraints. On the other hand, specialized solvers like LaMBO-2 offer…

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a class of black-box, surrogate-based heuristics that can efficiently optimize problems that are expensive to evaluate, and hence admit only small evaluation budgets. BO is particularly popular for solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Maria Laura Santoni , Elena Raponi , Renato De Leone , Carola Doerr

A plethora of applications entail solving black-box optimization problems with high evaluation costs, including drug discovery, material design, as well as hyperparameter tuning. Toward finding the global optimum of such black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Haotian Xiang , Jinwen Xu , Qin Lu

Designing functional transition metal complexes (TMCs) faces challenges due to the vast search space of metals and ligands, requiring efficient optimization strategies. Traditional genetic algorithms (GAs) are commonly used, employing…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Jieyu Lu , Zhangde Song , Qiyuan Zhao , Yuanqi Du , Yirui Cao , Haojun Jia , Chenru Duan

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a key methodology for accelerating molecular discovery by estimating the mapping from molecules to their properties while seeking the optimal candidate. Typically, BO iteratively updates a probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Qi Chen , Fabio Ramos , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Florian Shkurti

Customized static operator design has enabled widespread application of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), but their search effectiveness often deteriorates as evolutionary progresses. Dynamic operator configuration approaches attempt to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Rongjie Liao , Junhao Qiu , Xin Chen , Xiaoping Li

Traditional optimization methods excel in well-defined search spaces but struggle with design problems where transformations and design parameters are difficult to define. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Anthony Carreon , Vansh Sharma , Venkat Raman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled self-improving AI systems that iteratively generate, evaluate, and refine their outcomes. Recent studies show that prompt-optimization-based self-improvement can outperform state-of-the-art…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Enoch Hyunwook Kang , Hema Yoganarasimhan

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Automated Algorithm Discovery (AAD), particularly for optimisation heuristics, is an emerging field of research. This emergence necessitates robust, standardised benchmarking practices to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova , Haoran Yin , Thomas Bäck

Offline black-box optimization (BBO) aims to find optimal designs based solely on an offline dataset of designs and their labels. Such scenarios frequently arise in domains like DNA sequence design and robotics, where only a few labeled…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ye Yuan , Can , Chen , Zipeng Sun , Dinghuai Zhang , Christopher Pal , Xue Liu

The design of analog circuits is a cornerstone of integrated circuit (IC) development, requiring the optimization of complex, interconnected sub-structures such as amplifiers, comparators, and buffers. Traditionally, this process relies…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Karthik Somayaji N. S , Peng Li

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong reasoning capabilities beyond traditional language tasks, motivating their use for numerical optimization. This paper presents LLMize, an open-source Python framework that enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 M. Rizki Oktavian

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful technology for optimizing noisy expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions, with a broad range of real-world applications in science, engineering, economics, manufacturing, and beyond. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Joel A. Paulson , Calvin Tsay

Large language models (LLMs) have not only revolutionized natural language processing but also extended their prowess to various domains, marking a significant stride towards artificial general intelligence. The interplay between LLMs and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xingyu Wu , Sheng-hao Wu , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Kay Chen Tan

Several fundamental problems in science and engineering consist of global optimization tasks involving unknown high-dimensional (black-box) functions that map a set of controllable variables to the outcomes of an expensive experiment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Mohamed Aziz Bhouri , Michael Joly , Robert Yu , Soumalya Sarkar , Paris Perdikaris

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) exhibit powerful capabilities for generating natural text. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can discover diverse solutions to complex real-world problems. Motivated by the common collective and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Chao Wang , Jiaxuan Zhao , Licheng Jiao , Lingling Li , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang

Gaussian Process (GP) kernels are central to Bayesian optimization (BO), yet designing effective kernels for high-dimensional problems still relies on extensive manual engineering. Existing automated approaches struggle in high dimensions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Taeyoung Yun , Woocheol Shin , Inhyuck Song , Jaewoo Lee , Jinkyoo Park

Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) are a key tool for addressing costly optimization tasks, with their efficiency being heavily dependent on the selection of surrogate models and infill sampling criteria. However, designing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Lindong Xie , Genghui Li , Zhenkun Wang , Edward Chung , Maoguo Gong