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Low-noise lasers are of central importance in a wide variety of applications, including high spectral-efficiency coherent communication protocols, distributed fibre sensing, and long distance coherent LiDAR. In addition to low phase noise,…

Quantum state lifetimes $T_2$, or equivalently homogeneous linewidths $\Gamma_h = 1/\pi T_2$, are a key parameter for understanding decoherence processes in quantum systems and assessing their potential for applications in quantum…

The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is an ideal instrument to conduct deep extragalactic surveys. It has a large field of view and is sensitive to large scale and compact emission. It is, however, very challenging to synthesize thermal noise…

Ultra-low-noise stabilized lasers are a fundamental tool for precision quantum technologies, optical clocks, microwave and millimeter-wave generation, and fiber sensing. Existing systems rely on table-top bulk-optic components -- discrete…

Second generation quantum technologies aim to outperform classical alternatives by utilizing engineered quantum systems. Maintaining the coherence required to enable any quantum advantage requires detailed knowledge and control over the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Robert Freund , Christian D. Marciniak , Thomas Monz

High-resolution array detectors are widely used in single-particle tracking, but their performance is limited by excess noise from background light and dark current. As pixel resolution increases, the diminished signal per pixel exacerbates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Chao-Ning Hu , Jun Xin , Xiao-Ming Lu

Usually, off-axis digital holographic microscopy requires a coherent light source in order to record a full-field hologram. Nevertheless, a LASER-based illumination leads to a non-negligible coherent noise, decreasing then the imaging…

Optics · Physics 2021-11-02 Stephane Perrin , Jonas Kuhn , Christian Depeursinge

Narrow-linewidth lasers with absolute frequency anchoring are essential for precision metrology, coherent sensing, and emerging quantum technologies beyond laboratory environments. Optical cavities and interferometers provide exceptional…

Ultra-stable laser light is essential for high-precision interferometric measurements, in particular for the next generation of gravitational wave detectors, where high power lasers with unprecedented low power and frequency noise are…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-11 Henning Vahlbruch , Fabian Meylahn , Benno Willke

Low frequency high precision laser interferometry is subject to excess laser-frequency-noise coupling via arm-length differences which is commonly mitigated by locking the frequency to a stable reference system. This approach is crucial to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-03-01 Oliver Gerberding , Katharina-Sophie Isleif , Moritz Mehmet , Karsten Danzmann , Gerhard Heinzel

We describe an all-fiber nonlinear interferometer based on four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber. Our configuration realizes phase-sensitive interference with 97% peak visibility and >90% visibility over a broad 554 GHz optical band.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-08-28 Joseph M. Lukens , Raphael C. Pooser , Nicholas A. Peters

Ultra-narrow-linewidth lasers with suppressed high-frequency phase noise are critical for quantum control and precision metrology. While optical phase locking (OPL) is the standard technique for cloning the coherence of such sources, its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Chen Jia , Zhen-Xing Hua , Yu-Xin Chao , Meng Khoon Tey

The distribution of ultra-narrow linewidth laser radiation is an integral part of many challenging metrological applications. Changes in the optical pathlength induced by environmental disturbances compromise the stability and accuracy of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-07-31 Benjamin Rauf , Maria Carmen Velez Lopez , Pierre Thoumany , Marco Pizzocaro , Davide Calonico

We report on the development, implementation, and characterization of digital controllers for laser frequency stabilization as well as intensity stabilization and control. Our design is based on the STEMlab (originally Red Pitaya) platform.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-09-02 Tilman Preuschoff , Malte Schlosser , Gerhard Birkl

In strong-field physics experiments with intense lasers, it is of paramount importance to single-shot diagnose the temporal contrast between laser pulse peak and its noise pedestal. This allows fast optimization of pulse contrast and…

Optics · Physics 2021-02-26 Jingui Ma , Peng Yuan , Xiaoping Ouyang , Jing Wang , Guoqiang Xie , Liejia Qian

Spectroscopy has played the key role in revealing, and thereby understanding, the structure of atoms and molecules. A central drive in this field is the pursuit of higher precision and accuracy so that ever more subtle effects might be…

In a typical optical tweezers detection system, the position of a trapped object is determined from laser light impinging on a quadrant photodiode. When the laser is infrared and the photodiode is of silicon, they can act together as an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-11 Kirstine Berg-Sorensen , Erwin J. G. Peterman , Tom Weber , Christoph F. Schmidt , Henrik Flyvbjerg

Laser intensity noise limits performance in quantum sensing, metrology, and computing. Existing stabilization methods face a trade-off between bandwidth and complexity: electronic feedback loops are speed-limited, while optical resonators…

Characterising quantum states of light in the 2 ${\mu}m$ band requires high-performance shot-noise limited detectors. Here, we present the characterisation of a homodyne detector that we use to observe vacuum shot-noise via homodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Jake Biele , Joel F. Tasker , Joshua W. Silverstone , Jonathan C. F. Matthews

Generating visible light with wide tunability and high coherence based on photonic integrated circuits is of high interest for applications in biophotonics, precision metrology and quantum technology. Here we present the first demonstration…