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As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain agentic abilities, they will have to navigate complex multi-agent scenarios, interacting with human users and other agents in cooperative and competitive settings. This will require new reasoning skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Andrei Lupu , Timon Willi , Jakob Foerster

User simulators serve as the critical interactive environment for agent post-training, and an ideal user simulator generalizes across domains and proactively engages in negotiation by challenging or bargaining. However, current methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Feng Zhang , Shijia Li , Chunmao Zhang , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu , Han Liu

The pursuit of human-level artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced the development of autonomous agents and Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs are now widely utilized as decision-making agents for their ability to interpret…

Enhancing AI systems with efficient communication skills for effective human assistance necessitates proactive initiatives from the system side to discern specific circumstances and interact aptly. This research focuses on a collective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Jack Zhang

Stakeholders often struggle to accurately express their requirements due to articulation barriers arising from limited domain knowledge or from cognitive constraints. This can cause misalignment between expressed and intended requirements,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Michael Mircea , Emre Gevrek , Elisa Schmid , Kurt Schneider

Multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) systems have been leading the way in applied LLM research across a number of fields. One notable area is software development, where researchers have advanced the automation of code implementation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Vali Tawosi , Keshav Ramani , Salwa Alamir , Xiaomo Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance but often lack interpretable reasoning. This paper introduces the Multi-Agent Collaboration Framework for Diverse Thinking Modes (DiMo), which enhances both performance and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhixuan He , Yue Feng

As the performance of larger, newer Large Language Models continues to improve for strategic Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks, the demand for these state-of-the-art models increases commensurately. However, their deployment is costly both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Nunzio Lore , Sepehr Ilami , Babak Heydari

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing Software Engineering (SE) by introducing innovative methods for tasks such as collecting requirements, designing software, generating code, and creating test cases, among others. This article…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Malik Abdul Sami , Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Zheying Zhang , Tomas Herda , Pekka Abrahamsson

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly employed to automate complex software engineering tasks, such as program repair and issue resolution. These agents operate by autonomously generating natural language thoughts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Islem Bouzenia , Michael Pradel

The rapid progress of foundation models has led to the prosperity of autonomous agents, which leverage the universal capabilities of foundation models to conduct reasoning, decision-making, and environmental interaction. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Zonghan Yang , An Liu , Zijun Liu , Kaiming Liu , Fangzhou Xiong , Yile Wang , Zeyuan Yang , Qingyuan Hu , Xinrui Chen , Zhenhe Zhang , Fuwen Luo , Zhicheng Guo , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Software development is a complex, multi-phase process traditionally requiring collaboration among individuals with diverse expertise. We propose AgentMesh, a Python-based framework that uses multiple cooperating LLM-powered agents to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Sourena Khanzadeh

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has emerged as one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) in downstream tasks. However, SFT can have difficulty generalizing when the underlying data distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Mrinal Rawat , Arkajyoti Chakraborty , Neha Gupta , Roberto Pieraccini

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show great promise for complex, multi-turn tool-use tasks, but their development is often hampered by the extreme scarcity of high-quality training data. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on synthetic data leads…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Siyuan Lu , Zechuan Wang , Hongxuan Zhang , Qintong Wu , Leilei Gan , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu , Tao Lin

Operations research (OR) is widely deployed to solve critical decision-making problems with complex objectives and constraints, impacting manufacturing, logistics, finance, and healthcare outcomes. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zhiyuan Wang , Bokui Chen , Yinya Huang , Qingxing Cao , Ming He , Jianping Fan , Xiaodan Liang

Language model (LM)-based agents have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks from natural language instructions, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon planning and reasoning. To address this, we propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenyi Wu , Sibo Zhu , Kun Zhou , Biwei Huang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods struggle with the non-stationarity of multi-agent systems and fail to adaptively learn online when tested with novel agents. Here, we leverage large language models (LLMs) to create an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Logan Cross , Violet Xiang , Agam Bhatia , Daniel LK Yamins , Nick Haber

As agents based on large language models are increasingly deployed to long-horizon tasks, maintaining their alignment with stakeholder preferences becomes critical. Effective alignment in such settings requires reward models that are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Charlie Masters , Marta Grześkiewicz , Stefano V. Albrecht

As Large Language Model (LLM) based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) evolve from experimental pilots to complex, persistent ecosystems, the limitations of direct agent-to-agent communication have become increasingly apparent. Current architectures…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Charles Fleming , Guillaume De Saint Marc , Ramana Kompella , Peter Bosch , Vijoy Pandey

Conventional mechanical design follows an iterative process in which initial concepts are refined through cycles of expert assessment and resource-intensive Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis to meet performance goals. While machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Yayati Jadhav , Amir Barati Farimani