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Optimizing black-box functions is a fundamental problem in science and engineering. To solve this problem, many approaches learn a surrogate function that estimates the underlying objective from limited historical evaluations. Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Tung Nguyen , Aditya Grover

Large language models (LLMs) are introducing a paradigm shift in molecular discovery by enabling text-guided interaction with chemical spaces through natural language, symbolic notations, with emerging extensions to incorporate multi-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Ziqing Wang , Kexin Zhang , Zihan Zhao , Yibo Wen , Abhishek Pandey , Han Liu , Kaize Ding

Large Language Model (LLM) agents significantly extend the capabilities of standalone LLMs, empowering them to interact with external tools (e.g., APIs, functions) and complete various tasks in a self-directed fashion. The challenge of tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Weizhou Shen , Chenliang Li , Hongzhan Chen , Ming Yan , Xiaojun Quan , Hehong Chen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang

While large language models (LLMs) with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning excel in mathematics and coding, their potential for systematic reasoning in chemistry, a domain demanding rigorous structural analysis for real-world tasks like drug…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hao Li , He Cao , Bin Feng , Yanjun Shao , Xiangru Tang , Zhiyuan Yan , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian , Yu Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in many applications in recent years. However, chemical MLLMs that can handle cross-modal understanding and generation remain underexplored. To fill this gap, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qian Tan , Dongzhan Zhou , Peng Xia , Wanhao Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Yuqiang Li , Tianfan Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess substantial reasoning capabilities and are increasingly applied to optimization tasks, particularly in synergy with evolutionary computation. However, while recent surveys have explored specific aspects…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yisong Zhang , Ran Cheng , Guoxing Yi , Kay Chen Tan

Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to enhance clinical decision-making by interpreting various types of medical data. However, the effectiveness of these models across all medical fields is uncertain. Each…

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong capabilities but remain limited to fixed modality pairs and require costly fine-tuning with large aligned datasets. Building fully omni-capable models that can integrate text,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Huawei Lin , Yunzhi Shi , Tong Geng , Weijie Zhao , Wei Wang , Ravender Pal Singh

Chemical process optimization maximizes production efficiency and economic performance, but optimization algorithms, including gradient-based solvers, numerical methods, and parameter grid searches, become impractical when operating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Tong Zeng , Srivathsan Badrinarayanan , Janghoon Ock , Cheng-Kai Lai , Amir Barati Farimani

Multimodal clinical reasoning in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) oncology necessitates the integrated interpretation of endoscopic imagery, radiological data, and biochemical markers. Despite the evident potential exhibited by Multimodal…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in general natural language processing tasks but often fall short in complex reasoning tasks. Recent studies have explored human-like problem-solving strategies, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Zhenran Xu , Senbao Shi , Baotian Hu , Jindi Yu , Dongfang Li , Min Zhang , Yuxiang Wu

The molecular large language models have garnered widespread attention due to their promising potential on molecular applications. However, current molecular large language models face significant limitations in understanding molecules due…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-23 Zaifei Yang , Hong Chang , Ruibing Hou , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in general-purpose machine translation, but their effectiveness in complex, domain-sensitive translation tasks remains underexplored. Recent advancements in Large Reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongshi Ye , Biao Fu , Chongxuan Huang , Yidong Chen , Xiaodong Shi

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) allow them to address diverse questions using human-like interfaces. Still, limitations in their training prevent them from answering accurately in scenarios that could benefit from multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Yoshitaka Inoue , Tianci Song , Xinling Wang , Augustin Luna , Tianfan Fu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical domains, but their ability to handle specialized neurological reasoning requires systematic evaluation. We developed a comprehensive benchmark using 305 questions from Israeli Board…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Moran Sorka , Alon Gorenshtein , Dvir Aran , Shahar Shelly

Molecules play a crucial role in biomedical research and discovery, particularly in the field of small molecule drug development. Given the rapid advancements in large language models, especially the recent emergence of reasoning models, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Chenyang Zuo , Siqi Fan , Zaiqing Nie

To fully expedite AI-powered chemical research, high-quality chemical databases are the foundation. Automatic extraction of chemical information from the literature is essential for constructing reaction databases, but it is currently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yufan Chen , Ching Ting Leung , Bowen Yu , Jianwei Sun , Yong Huang , Linyan Li , Hao Chen , Hanyu Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in assisting molecular property prediction tasks but often rely on human-crafted prompts and chain-of-thought templates. While recent advanced large reasoning models like DeepSeek-R1 employ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xuan Lin , Long Chen , Yile Wang

Large language models (LLMs) serve as an active and promising field of generative artificial intelligence and have demonstrated abilities to perform complex tasks in multiple domains, including mathematical and scientific reasoning. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ao Cheng , Lei Zhang , Guowei He