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The vulnerability of models to data aberrations and adversarial attacks influences their ability to demarcate distinct class boundaries efficiently. The network's confidence and uncertainty play a pivotal role in weight adjustments and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Utkarsh Uppal , Bharat Giddwani

In this paper, we study a classification problem in which sample labels are randomly corrupted. In this scenario, there is an unobservable sample with noise-free labels. However, before being observed, the true labels are independently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-21 Tongliang Liu , Dacheng Tao

Considering the increasing size of available data, the need for statistical methods that control the finite sample bias is growing. This is mainly due to the frequent settings where the number of variables is large and allowed to increase…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-12 Stéphane Guerrier , Mucyo Karemera , Samuel Orso , Maria-Pia Victoria-Feser

Collecting labeled data is costly and thus a critical bottleneck in real-world classification tasks. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel setting, namely learning from complementary labels for multi-class classification. A…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Takashi Ishida , Gang Niu , Weihua Hu , Masashi Sugiyama

Several works in computer vision have demonstrated the effectiveness of active learning for adapting the recognition model when new unlabeled data becomes available. Most of these works consider that labels obtained from the annotator are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Sudipta Paul , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , B. S. Manjunath , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

With the increased interest in machine learning and big data problems, the need for large amounts of labelled data has also grown. However, it is often infeasible to get experts to label all of this data, which leads many practitioners to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Pierce Burke , Richard Klein

Existing algorithms aiming to learn a binary classifier from positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data generally require estimating the class prior or label noises ahead of building a classification model. However, the estimation and classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Tianyu Li , Chien-Chih Wang , Yukun Ma , Patricia Ortal , Qifang Zhao , Bjorn Stenger , Yu Hirate

Label-noise or curated unlabeled data is used to compensate for the assumption of clean labeled data in training the conditional generative adversarial network; however, satisfying such an extended assumption is occasionally laborious or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Kai Katsumata , Duc Minh Vo , Tatsuya Harada , Hideki Nakayama

We give a principled method for decomposing the predictive uncertainty of a model into aleatoric and epistemic components with explicit semantics relating them to the real-world data distribution. While many works in the literature have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Gustaf Ahdritz , Aravind Gollakota , Parikshit Gopalan , Charlotte Peale , Udi Wieder

Deep Neural Networks are well known for efficiently fitting training data, yet experiencing poor generalization capabilities whenever some kind of bias dominates over the actual task labels, resulting in models learning "shortcuts". In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Pietro Morerio , Ruggero Ragonesi , Vittorio Murino

Regression methods assume that accurate labels are available for training. However, in certain scenarios, obtaining accurate labels may not be feasible, and relying on multiple specialists with differing opinions becomes necessary. Existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-15 Milene Regina dos Santos , Rafael Izbicki

Evaluating the inherent difficulty of a given data-driven classification problem is important for establishing absolute benchmarks and evaluating progress in the field. To this end, a natural quantity to consider is the \emph{Bayes error},…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-08 Ryan Theisen , Huan Wang , Lav R. Varshney , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Gathering labeled data to train well-performing machine learning models is one of the critical challenges in many applications. Active learning aims at reducing the labeling costs by an efficient and effective allocation of costly labeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Daniel Kottke , Marek Herde , Christoph Sandrock , Denis Huseljic , Georg Krempl , Bernhard Sick

Label noise is frequently observed in real-world large-scale datasets. The noise is introduced due to a variety of reasons; it is heterogeneous and feature-dependent. Most existing approaches to handling noisy labels fall into two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Yikai Zhang , Songzhu Zheng , Pengxiang Wu , Mayank Goswami , Chao Chen

When a deep learning model is deployed in the wild, it can encounter test data drawn from distributions different from the training data distribution and suffer drop in performance. For safe deployment, it is essential to estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jiefeng Chen , Frederick Liu , Besim Avci , Xi Wu , Yingyu Liang , Somesh Jha

Label noise poses an important challenge in machine learning, especially in deep learning, in which large models with high expressive power dominate the field. Models of that kind are prone to memorizing incorrect labels, thereby harming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Julian Lienen , Eyke Hüllermeier

We characterize the minimax rate of estimating the second-order calibration error for binary classification, which quantifies whether a higher-order predictor's epistemic-uncertainty estimate matches the conditional variance of the label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Kamil Ciosek , Banafsheh Rafiee , Sina Ghiassian , Nicolò Felicioni

Handling uncertainty is critical for ensuring reliable decision-making in intelligent systems. Modern neural networks are known to be poorly calibrated, resulting in predicted confidence scores that are difficult to use. This article…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Gabriele Sanguin , Arjun Pakrashi , Marco Viola , Francesco Rinaldi

Identifying and handling label errors can significantly enhance the accuracy of supervised machine learning models. Recent approaches for identifying label errors demonstrate that a low self-confidence of models with respect to a certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Johannes Jakubik , Michael Vössing , Manil Maskey , Christopher Wölfle , Gerhard Satzger

In the era of Model-as-a-Service, organizations increasingly rely on third-party AI models for rapid deployment. However, the dynamic nature of emerging AI applications, the continual introduction of new datasets, and the growing number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zihan Zhu , Yanqiu Wu , Qiongkai Xu