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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in improving the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the specific challenges of adapting RL to multimodal data and formats remain relatively unexplored. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zirun Guo , Minjie Hong , Tao Jin

Compositional visual reasoning has emerged as a key research frontier in multimodal AI, aiming to endow machines with the human-like ability to decompose visual scenes, ground intermediate concepts, and perform multi-step logical inference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Fucai Ke , Joy Hsu , Zhixi Cai , Zixian Ma , Xin Zheng , Xindi Wu , Sukai Huang , Weiqing Wang , Pari Delir Haghighi , Gholamreza Haffari , Ranjay Krishna , Jiajun Wu , Hamid Rezatofighi

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown remarkable performance in the visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) task, which aims to answer a multiple-choice question based on visual commonsense within an image. However, the ability of LMMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Jiali Chen , Xusen Hei , Yuqi Xue , Yuancheng Wei , Jiayuan Xie , Yi Cai , Qing Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) demonstrate impressive problem-solving skills in many tasks and domains. However, their ability to reason with complex images in academic domains has not been systematically…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chenghao Ma , Haihong E. , Junpeng Ding , Jun Zhang , Ziyan Ma , Huang Qing , Bofei Gao , Liang Chen , Yifan Zhu , Meina Song

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly broadened the scope of applications in natural language processing, with multi-modal LLMs extending these capabilities to integrate and interpret visual data. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Bingchen Zhao , Yongshuo Zong , Letian Zhang , Timothy Hospedales

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced perception across text, vision, and audio, yet they often struggle with structured cross-modal reasoning, particularly when integrating audio and visual signals. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-20 Zhenghao Xing , Xiaowei Hu , Chi-Wing Fu , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai , Pheng-Ann Heng

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have improved performance in multi-modal learning, raising the question of whether these models truly understand the content they process. Crucially, can VLMs detect when a reasoning process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yang Shi , Yifeng Xie , Minzhe Guo , Liangsi Lu , Mingxuan Huang , Jingchao Wang , Zhihong Zhu , Boyan Xu , Zhiqi Huang

Despite recent advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on diverse understanding tasks, these models struggle to solve problems which require extensive multi-step reasoning. This is primarily due to the progressive dilution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Byungwoo Jeon , Yoonwoo Jeong , Hyunseok Lee , Minsu Cho , Jinwoo Shin

Recent advances in Vision Language Models (VLMs) have driven significant progress in visual reasoning. However, open-source VLMs still lag behind proprietary systems, largely due to the lack of high-quality reasoning data. Existing datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Honglin Lin , Zheng Liu , Yun Zhu , Chonghan Qin , Juekai Lin , Xiaoran Shang , Conghui He , Wentao Zhang , Lijun Wu

In this article, we investigate vision-language models (VLM) as reasoners. The ability to form abstractions underlies mathematical reasoning, problem-solving, and other Math AI tasks. Several formalisms have been given to these underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Denisa Roberts , Lucas Roberts

Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel at matching concepts across multi-modal inputs but struggle with compositional concepts and high-level relationships between entities. This paper introduces Progressive multi-granular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Quang-Hung Le , Long Hoang Dang , Ngan Le , Truyen Tran , Thao Minh Le

Although Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal reasoning capabilities, their scalability and deployment are constrained by massive computational requirements. In particular, the massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

Despite their success, current training pipelines for reasoning VLMs focus on a limited range of tasks, such as mathematical and logical reasoning. As a result, these models face difficulties in generalizing their reasoning capabilities to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuheng Zha , Kun Zhou , Yujia Wu , Yushu Wang , Jie Feng , Zhi Xu , Shibo Hao , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a broad range of vision tasks. However, constrained by the capacity of their internal world knowledge, prior work has proposed augmenting MLLMs by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenxuan Huang , Yu Zeng , Qiuchen Wang , Zhen Fang , Shaosheng Cao , Zheng Chu , Qingyu Yin , Shuang Chen , Zhenfei Yin , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Shaohui Lin , Philip Torr , Feng Zhao , Wanli Ouyang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are making significant progress in multimodal reasoning. Early approaches focus on pure text-based reasoning. More recent studies have incorporated multimodal information into the reasoning steps;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongjie Cheng , Yongqi Li , Zhixin Ma , Hongru Cai , Yupeng Hu , Wenjie Wang , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li

Despite the rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), they have largely overlooked the importance of visual processing. In a simple yet revealing experiment, we interestingly find that language-only models, when provided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuting Li , Lai Wei , Kaipeng Zheng , Jingyuan Huang , Guilin Li , Bo Wang , Linghe Kong , Lichao Sun , Weiran Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning performance, yet we identify a recurring failure mode in long-form generation: as outputs grow longer, models progressively drift away from image evidence and fall…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuai Lv , Chang Liu , Feng Tang , Yujie Yuan , Aojun Zhou , Kui Zhang , Xi Yang , Yangqiu Song

Multimodal large language models are increasingly expected to perform thinking with images, yet existing visual latent reasoning methods still rely on explicit textual chain-of-thought interleaved with visual latent tokens. This interleaved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Houcheng Jiang , Jiajun Fu , Junfeng Fang , Chen Gao , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Yong Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in open-vocabulary perceptual tasks, yet their ability to solve complex cognitive problems remains limited, especially when visual details are abstract and require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Boyi Li , Yifan Shen , Yuanzhe Liu , Yifan Xu , Jiateng Liu , Xinzhuo Li , Zhengyuan Li , Jingyuan Zhu , Yunhan Zhong , Fangzhou Lan , Jianguo Cao , James M. Rehg , Heng Ji , Ismini Lourentzou , Xu Cao

Human reasoning relies on constructing and manipulating mental models -- simplified internal representations of situations used to understand and solve problems. Conceptual diagrams (e.g., a sketch drawn to aid reasoning) externalize these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Roei Herzig , Eduard Oks , Trevor Darrell , Rogerio Feris , Leonid Karlinsky