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We study self-rewarding reasoning large language models (LLMs), which can simultaneously generate step-by-step reasoning and evaluate the correctness of their outputs during the inference time-without external feedback. This integrated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Wei Xiong , Hanning Zhang , Chenlu Ye , Lichang Chen , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

Since the inception of Large Language Models (LLMs), the quest to efficiently train them for superior reasoning capabilities has been a pivotal challenge. The dominant training paradigm for LLMs is based on next token prediction (NTP).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Pengxiao Lin , Zhongwang Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) incur significant computational and memory costs when processing long prompts, as full self-attention scales quadratically with input length. Token compression aims to address this challenge by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihao Xu , John Harvill , Ziwei Fan , Yizhou Sun , Hao Ding , Hao Wang

The meanings of words and phrases depend not only on where they are used (contexts) but also on who use them (writers). Pretrained language models (PLMs) are powerful tools for capturing context, but they are typically pretrained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Daisuke Oba , Naoki Yoshinaga , Masashi Toyoda

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

State-of-the-art text-to-speech (TTS) systems have utilized pretrained language models (PLMs) to enhance prosody and create more natural-sounding speech. However, while PLMs have been extensively researched for natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Marcel Granero-Moya , Penny Karanasou , Sri Karlapati , Bastian Schnell , Nicole Peinelt , Alexis Moinet , Thomas Drugman

The success of language models has inspired the NLP community to attend to tasks that require implicit and complex reasoning, relying on human-like commonsense mechanisms. While such vertical thinking tasks have been relatively popular,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Yifan Jiang , Filip Ilievski , Kaixin Ma , Zhivar Sourati

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong generalization across a wide range of tasks. Reasoning with LLMs is central to solving multi-step problems and complex decision-making. To support efficient reasoning, recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Li Fan , Jiahong Liu , Yao Shu , Chengwei Qin , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Rex Ying

Large Language Models (LLMs) are primarily trained on high-resource natural languages, limiting their effectiveness in low-resource settings and in tasks requiring deep logical reasoning. This research introduces Rosetta-PL, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Shaun Baek , Shaun Esua-Mensah , Cyrus Tsui , Sejan Vigneswaralingam , Abdullah Alali , Michael Lu , Vasu Sharma , Sean O'Brien , Kevin Zhu

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in a diverse set of language inference and understanding tasks. The pre-training stage of LLMs looks at a large corpus of raw textual data. The BabyLM shared task compares LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Khushi Bhardwaj , Raj Sanjay Shah , Sashank Varma

Progress in language model development is often driven by comparative decisions: which architecture to adopt, which pretraining corpus to use, or which training recipe to apply. Making these decisions well requires reliable performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Arkil Patel , Siva Reddy , Marius Mosbach , Dzmitry Bahdanau

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have leveraged increased test-time computation to enhance reasoning capabilities, a strategy that, while effective, incurs significant latency and resource costs, limiting their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Hao Wen , Xinrui Wu , Yi Sun , Feifei Zhang , Liye Chen , Jie Wang , Yunxin Liu , Yunhao Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various basic natural language tasks. For completing the complex task, we still need a plan for the task to guide LLMs to generate the specific solutions step by step. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yiduo Guo , Yaobo Liang , Chenfei Wu , Wenshan Wu , Dongyan Zhao , Nan Duan

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to analyze text. However, they are often plagued with contextual reasoning limitations when analyzing long documents. When long documents are processed sequentially, early or dominant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Aisvarya Adeseye , Jouni Isoaho , Adeyemi Adeseye

Reasoning is a core capability of large language models, yet how multi-step reasoning is learned and executed remains unclear. We study this question in a controlled cellular-automata (1dCA) framework that excludes memorisation by using…

Methods such as chain-of-thought prompting and self-consistency have pushed the frontier of language model reasoning performance with no additional training. To further improve performance, we propose a prompt ensembling method for large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Silviu Pitis , Michael R. Zhang , Andrew Wang , Jimmy Ba

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that test-time scaling can substantially improve model performance on complex tasks, particularly in the coding domain. Under this paradigm, models use a larger token budget during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaxin Fang , Runyuan He , Sahil Bhatia , Neel Gajare , Alvin Cheung

Reference-based Text-to-Speech (TTS) models can generate multiple, prosodically-different renditions of the same target text. Such models jointly learn a latent acoustic space during training, which can be sampled from during inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Atli Thor Sigurgeirsson , Simon King

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Recently, scaling test-time compute on Large Language Models (LLM) has garnered wide attention. However, there has been limited investigation of how various reasoning prompting strategies perform as scaling. In this paper, we focus on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yexiang Liu , Zekun Li , Zhi Fang , Nan Xu , Ran He , Tieniu Tan
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