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Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have shown great potential for task automation on computing devices such as computers and mobile phones. However, existing agents face challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yuhang Liu , Pengxiang Li , Zishu Wei , Congkai Xie , Xueyu Hu , Xinchen Xu , Shengyu Zhang , Xiaotian Han , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

End-to-end GUI agents for real desktop environments require large amounts of high-quality interaction data, yet collecting human demonstrations is expensive and existing synthetic pipelines often suffer from limited task diversity or noisy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinbiao Wei , Yilun Zhao , Kangqi Ni , Arman Cohan

The integration of slow-thinking mechanisms into large language models (LLMs) offers a promising way toward achieving Level 2 AGI Reasoners, as exemplified by systems like OpenAI's o1. However, several significant challenges remain,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Xiao-Wen Yang , Xuan-Yi Zhu , Wen-Da Wei , Ding-Chu Zhang , Jie-Jing Shao , Zhi Zhou , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Due to the importance of Android app quality assurance, many automated GUI testing tools have been developed. Although the test algorithms have been improved, the impact of GUI rendering has been overlooked. On the one hand, setting a long…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Sidong Feng , Mulong Xie , Chunyang Chen

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

Autonomous GUI agents face two fundamental challenges: early stopping, where agents prematurely declare success without verifiable evidence, and repetitive loops, where agents cycle through the same failing actions without recovery. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Qijun Han , Haoqin Tu , Zijun Wang , Haoyue Dai , Yiyang Zhou , Nancy Lau , Alvaro A. Cardenas , Yuhui Xu , Ran Xu , Caiming Xiong , Zeyu Zheng , Huaxiu Yao , Yuyin Zhou , Cihang Xie

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding - the task of mapping natural language instructions to screen coordinates - is essential for autonomous agents and accessibility technologies. Existing systems rely on monolithic models or one-shot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 SeokJoo Kwak , Jihoon Kim , Boyoun Kim , Jung Jae Yoon , Wooseok Jang , Jeonghoon Hong , Jaeho Yang , Yeong-Dae Kwon

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) and reinforcement learning (RL) have driven progress in GUI automation. However, most existing methods rely on static, one-shot visual inputs and passive perception, lacking the ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chen Chen , Jiawei Shao , Dakuan Lu , Haoyi Hu , Xiangcheng Liu , Hantao Yao , Wu Liu

Despite the rapid progress of multimodal large language models in building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, their real-world task completion is fundamentally bottlenecked by a lack of world knowledge about GUI operations. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zheng Wu , Chengcheng Han , Zhengxi Lu , Tianjie Ju , Yanyu Chen , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Zhuosheng Zhang

Vision-language model based graphical user interface (GUI) agents have shown strong interaction capabilities. However, they often behave unfaithfully, relying on memorized shortcuts rather than grounding actions in displayed screen evidence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haowen Hu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zheng Wu , Lingzhong Dong , Gongshen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang

With the rapid advancement of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), GUI-based mobile agents have emerged as a key development direction for intelligent mobile systems. However, existing agent models continue to face significant challenges in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Cheng Zhang , Erhu Feng , Xi Zhao , Yisheng Zhao , Wangbo Gong , Jiahui Sun , Dong Du , Zhichao Hua , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents enable AI models to autonomously operate smartphones on behalf of users. However, most existing systems focus primarily on optimizing task accuracy and rely on cloud-hosted models for inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Runxi Huang , Liyu Zhang , Shengzhong Liu , Xiaomin Ouyang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding plays a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of Vision-Language Model (VLM) agents. While general VLMs, such as GPT-4V, demonstrate strong performance across various tasks, their proficiency in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Anthony Nguyen

LLM-based (Large Language Model) GUI (Graphical User Interface) agents can potentially reshape our daily lives significantly. However, current LLM-based GUI agents suffer from the scarcity of high-quality training data owing to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Danyang Zhang , Situo Zhang , Ziyue Yang , Zichen Zhu , Zihan Zhao , Ruisheng Cao , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Software testing has progressed toward intelligent automation, yet current AI-based test generators still suffer from static, single-shot outputs that frequently produce invalid, redundant, or non-executable tests due to the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Saba Naqvi , Mohammad Baqar , Nawaz Ali Mohammad

Autonomous agents that navigate Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) to automate tasks like document editing and file management can greatly enhance computer workflows. While existing research focuses on online settings, desktop environments,…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

AI agents are increasingly embedded in real software systems, where they execute multi-step workflows through multi-turn dialogue, tool invocations, and intermediate decisions. These long execution histories, called agentic traces, make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Reshabh K Sharma , Shraddha Barke , Benjamin Zorn

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown greater promise for human-interaction. However, due to the high fine-tuning cost, users often rely on open-source GUI agents or APIs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Pengzhou Cheng , Haowen Hu , Zheng Wu , Zongru Wu , Tianjie Ju , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

UI automation is a useful technique for UI testing, bug reproduction, and robotic process automation. Recording user actions with an application assists rapid development of UI automation scripts, but existing recording techniques are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Dehai Zhao , Zhenchang Xing , Qinghua Lu , Xiwei Xu , Liming Zhu