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Online hate speech is a recent problem in our society that is rising at a steady pace by leveraging the vulnerabilities of the corresponding regimes that characterise most social media platforms. This phenomenon is primarily fostered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Ioannis Mollas , Zoe Chrysopoulou , Stamatis Karlos , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Chinese Patronizing and Condescending Language (CPCL) is an implicitly discriminatory toxic speech targeting vulnerable groups on Chinese video platforms. The existing dataset lacks user comments, which are a direct reflection of video…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiaxun Yang , Yifei Han , Long Zhang , Yujie Liu , Bin Li , Bo Gao , Yangfan He , Kejia Zhan

Building a benchmark dataset for hate speech detection presents various challenges. Firstly, because hate speech is relatively rare, random sampling of tweets to annotate is very inefficient in finding hate speech. To address this, prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Md Mustafizur Rahman , Dinesh Balakrishnan , Dhiraj Murthy , Mucahid Kutlu , Matthew Lease

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter

When Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed in Chinese-language settings, a troubling pattern emerges: safety systems that work well in English break down. These systems struggle to cross linguistic and cultural bound-aries, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wajdi Zaghouani , Kholoud K. Aldous , Yicheng Gao

Patronizing and Condescending Language (PCL) is a form of discriminatory toxic speech targeting vulnerable groups, threatening both online and offline safety. While toxic speech research has mainly focused on overt toxicity, such as hate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Hongbo Wang , Junyu Lu , Yan Han , Kai Ma , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Online sexism has become an increasing concern in social media platforms as it has affected the healthy development of the Internet and can have negative effects in society. While research in the sexism detection domain is growing, most of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Aiqi Jiang , Xiaohan Yang , Yang Liu , Arkaitz Zubiaga

Cyberbullying has been a significant challenge in the digital era world, given the huge number of people, especially adolescents, who use social media platforms to communicate and share information. Some individuals exploit these platforms…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Adamu Gaston Philipo , Doreen Sebastian Sarwatt , Jianguo Ding , Mahmoud Daneshmand , Huansheng Ning

In this research, we use user defined labels from three internet text sources (Reddit, Stackexchange, Arxiv) to train 21 different machine learning models for the topic classification task of detecting cybersecurity discussions in natural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Elijah Pelofske , Lorie M. Liebrock , Vincent Urias

Cyberbullying or Online harassment detection on social media for various major languages is currently being given a good amount of focus by researchers worldwide. Being the seventh most speaking language in the world and increasing usage of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Md Faisal Ahmed , Zalish Mahmud , Zarin Tasnim Biash , Ahmed Ann Noor Ryen , Arman Hossain , Faisal Bin Ashraf

In this paper, we present CSCD-NS, the first Chinese spelling check (CSC) dataset designed for native speakers, containing 40,000 samples from a Chinese social platform. Compared with existing CSC datasets aimed at Chinese learners, CSCD-NS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yong Hu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Emotion and personality are central elements in understanding human psychological states. Emotions reflect an individual subjective experiences, while personality reveals relatively stable behavioral and cognitive patterns. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jingyi Zhou , Senlin Luo , Haofan Chen

The proliferation of hate speech has inflicted significant societal harm, with its intensity and directionality closely tied to specific targets and arguments. In recent years, numerous machine learning-based methods have been developed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zewen Bai , Liang Yang , Shengdi Yin , Yuanyuan Sun , Hongfei Lin

Cyberbullying is a disturbing online misbehaviour with troubling consequences. It appears in different forms, and in most of the social networks, it is in textual format. Automatic detection of such incidents requires intelligent systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Maral Dadvar , Kai Eckert

It is well known that the usefulness of a machine learning model is due to its ability to generalize to unseen data. This study uses three popular cyberbullying datasets to explore the effects of data, how it's collected, and how it's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Andrew Root , Liam Jakubowski , Mounika Vanamala

In recent years, offensive, abusive and hateful language, sexism, racism and other types of aggressive and cyberbullying behavior have been manifesting with increased frequency, and in many online social media platforms. In fact, past…

In this paper, we present a novel hostility detection dataset in Hindi language. We collect and manually annotate ~8200 online posts. The annotated dataset covers four hostility dimensions: fake news, hate speech, offensive, and defamation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Mohit Bhardwaj , Md Shad Akhtar , Asif Ekbal , Amitava Das , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Cyberbullying is a prevalent social problem that inflicts detrimental consequences to the health and safety of victims such as psychological distress, anti-social behaviour, and suicide. The automation of cyberbullying detection is a recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Gathika Ratnayaka , Thushari Atapattu , Mahen Herath , Georgia Zhang , Katrina Falkner

Depression is a pressing global public health issue, yet publicly available Chinese-language resources for depression risk detection remain scarce and largely focus on binary classification. To address this limitation, we release…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jinyuan Xu , Tian Lan , Xintao Yu , Xue He , Hezhi Zhang , Ying Wang , Pierre Magistry , Mathieu Valette , Lei Li

With the rise of social media, people can now form relationships and communities easily regardless of location, race, ethnicity, or gender. However, the power of social media simultaneously enables harmful online behavior such as harassment…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-06-28 Elaheh Raisi , Bert Huang