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Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems provide a method for factually grounding the responses of a Large Language Model (LLM) by providing retrieved evidence, or context, as support. Guided by this context, RAG systems can reduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shakiba Amirshahi , Amin Bigdeli , Charles L. A. Clarke , Amira Ghenai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds language models in factual evidence but introduces critical challenges regarding knowledge conflicts between internalized parameters and retrieved information. However, existing reliability…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Sunguk Shin , Meeyoung Cha , Byung-Jun Lee , Sungwon Park

In general, an experimental environment for deep learning assumes that the training and the test dataset are sampled from the same distribution. However, in real-world situations, a difference in the distribution between two datasets,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Daehee Kim , Seunghyun Park , Jinkyu Kim , Jaekoo Lee

As the misuse of AI-generated images grows, generalizable image detection techniques are urgently needed. Recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods adopt aligned training datasets to reduce content, size, and format biases, empowering models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yiheng Li , Yang Yang , Zichang Tan , Gao Li , Zhen Lei , Wenhao Wang

Domain generalization (DG) methods aim to maintain good performance in an unseen target domain by using training data from multiple source domains. While success on certain occasions are observed, enhancing the baseline across most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Liang Chen , Yong Zhang , Yibing Song , Zhiqiang Shen , Lingqiao Liu

Improving the resistance of deep neural networks against adversarial attacks is important for deploying models to realistic applications. However, most defense methods are designed to defend against intensity perturbations and ignore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Pengfei Xia , Bin Li

Machine learning models are intrinsically vulnerable to domain shift between training and testing data, resulting in poor performance in novel domains. Domain generalization (DG) aims to overcome the problem by leveraging multiple source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Tingwei Wang , Da Li , Kaiyang Zhou , Tao Xiang , Yi-Zhe Song

Understanding the implicit regularization imposed by neural network architectures and gradient based optimization methods is a key challenge in deep learning and AI. In this work we provide sharp results for the implicit regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Johan S. Wind , Vegard Antun , Anders C. Hansen

The domain shift between training and testing data presents a significant challenge for training generalizable deep learning models. As a consequence, the performance of models trained with the independent and identically distributed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Aleksandr Matsun , Dana O. Mohamed , Sharon Chokuwa , Muhammad Ridzuan , Mohammad Yaqub

Current deepfake detection models achieve state-of-the-art performance on pristine academic datasets but suffer severe spatial attention drift under real-world compound degradations, such as blurring and severe lossy compression. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Minh-Khoa Le-Phan , Minh-Hoang Le , Trong-Le Do , Minh-Triet Tran

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) suffer from domain shift when the test dataset follows a distribution different from the training dataset. Domain generalization aims to tackle this issue by learning a model that can generalize to unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Yu Ding , Lei Wang , Bin Liang , Shuming Liang , Yang Wang , Fang Chen

Recent advances in domain adaptation show that deep self-training presents a powerful means for unsupervised domain adaptation. These methods often involve an iterative process of predicting on target domain and then taking the confident…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Yang Zou , Zhiding Yu , Xiaofeng Liu , B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar , Jinsong Wang

Unsupervised domain adaptive (UDA) image segmentation has recently gained increasing attention, aiming to improve the generalization capability for transferring knowledge from the source domain to the target domain. However, in high spatial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-10 Linshan Wu , Ming Lu , Leyuan Fang

Achieving pixel-level registration between SAR and optical images remains a challenging task due to their fundamentally different imaging mechanisms and visual characteristics. Although deep learning has achieved great success in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Haodong Wang , Tao Zhuo , Xiuwei Zhang , Hanlin Yin , Wencong Wu , Yanning Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to augment the input to Large Language Models (LLMs) with external information, such as recent or domain-specific knowledge. Nonetheless, current models still produce closed-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Fabian Ridder , Laurin Lessel , Malte Schilling

Most prior deepfake detection methods lack explainable outputs. With the growing interest in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), researchers have started exploring their use in interpretable deepfake detection. However, a major…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Ning Jiang , Dingheng Zeng , Yanhong Liu , Haiyang Yi , Shijie Yu , Minghe Weng , Haifeng Shen , Ying Li

This paper offers a new perspective to ease the challenge of domain generalization, which involves maintaining robust results even in unseen environments. Our design focuses on the decision-making process in the final classifier layer.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Liang Chen , Yong Zhang , Yibing Song , Anton van den Hengel , Lingqiao Liu

Source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) aims to adapt a well-trained source model to an unlabelled target domain without accessing the source dataset, making it applicable in a variety of real-world scenarios. Existing SFDA methods ONLY assess…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Longxiang Tang , Kai Li , Chunming He , Yulun Zhang , Xiu Li

Domain Generalization (DG) studies the capability of a deep learning model to generalize to out-of-training distributions. In the last decade, literature has been massively filled with training methodologies that claim to obtain more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Simone Angarano , Mauro Martini , Francesco Salvetti , Vittorio Mazzia , Marcello Chiaberge

This paper proposes deception as a mechanism for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization: by learning data representations that make training data appear independent and identically distributed (iid) to an observer, we can identify stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Anirudha Majumdar