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Following the recommendations to NASA and ESA, the search for life on exoplanets will be a priority in the next decades. Two direct imaging space mission concepts are being developed: the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) and the Large…

The Habitable Zone (HZ) is defined by the possibility of sustaining liquid water on a planetary surface. In the Solar System, the HZ for a conservative climate model extends approximately between the orbits of Earth and Mars. We elaborate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Amri Wandel

The habitable zone (HZ) is the circular region around a star(s) where standing bodies of water could exist on the surface of a rocky planet. Space missions employ the HZ to select promising targets for follow-up habitability assessment. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 Ramses M. Ramirez

Terrestrial planets in the habitable zone around nearby stars are of great interest and provide a good sample for further characteristics of their habitability. In this paper, we collect a nearby star catalog within 20 pc according to the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-24 Qiaoyang Hao , Shenwei Zhou , Huigen Liu

It is currently unknown how common life is on exoplanets, or how long planets can remain viable for life. To date, we have a superficial notion of habitability, a necessary first step, but so far lacking an understanding of the detailed…

Giant planets within the habitable zones of the closest several stars can currently be imaged with ground-based telescopes. Within the next decade, the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) will begin to image the habitable zones of a greater…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 Zach Werber , Kevin Wagner , Daniel Apai

Planets residing in circumstellar habitable zones (CHZs) offer our best opportunities to test hypotheses of life's potential pervasiveness and complexity. Constraining the precise boundaries of habitability and its observational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-25 Howard Chen , Eric T. Wolf , Zhuchang Zhan , Daniel E. Horton

The habitable zone (HZ) is commonly defined as the range of distances from a host star within which liquid water, a key requirement for life, may exist on a planet's surface. Substantially more CO2 than present in Earth's modern atmosphere…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-11 Edward W. Schwieterman , Christopher T. Reinhard , Stephanie L. Olson , Chester E. Harman , Timothy W. Lyons

The Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020 (Astro2020) has recommended that NASA realize a large IR/O/UV space telescope optimized for high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy of ~25 exo-Earths and transformative general…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-27 Caleb K. Harada , Courtney D. Dressing , Stephen R. Kane , Bahareh Adami Ardestani

The catalog of stellar evolution tracks discussed in our previous work is meant to help characterize exoplanet host-stars of interest for follow-up observations with future missions like JWST. However, the utility of the catalog has been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-29 Amanda R. Truitt , Patrick A. Young , Sara I. Walker , Alexander Spacek

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) aims to telescopically constrain the frequency and abundance of biospheres in the solar neighborhood. Origin-of-life theories vary in their predictions for the environmental requirements and the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Sukrit Ranjan , Martin Schlecker , Nicholas Wogan , Michael Wong

Precise stellar ages (uncertainties $\lesssim 1$ Gyr, or $\sim 20\%$ at solar age) are required to discern evolutionary trends in atmospheric biosignatures of terrestrial habitable zone exoplanets surveyed by the Habitable Worlds…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-14 Austin T. Ware , Katelyn Ruppert , Patrick A. Young

A planet's history dictates its current potential to host habitable conditions and life. The concept of the Continuously Habitable Zone (CHZ) has been used to define the region around a star most likely to host planets with long-term…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-22 Noah W. Tuchow , Jason T. Wright

The search for life beyond the Solar System remains a primary goal of current and near-future missions, including NASA's upcoming Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). However, research into determining the habitability of terrestrial…

The Habitable Worlds Observatory Preliminary Input Catalog (HPIC) is a list of ~13,000 nearby bright stars that will be potential targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) in its search for Earth-sized planets around Sun-like…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-14 Noah Tuchow , Chris Stark , Eric Mamajek

We assess archival high-energy data for key stars on the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) Target Stars and Systems 2025 list, as stellar radiation is critical to shaping and interpreting planetary atmospheres. Using a sample of 98 nearby…

The ongoing discoveries of extrasolar planets are unveiling a wide range of terrestrial mass (size) planets around their host stars. In this letter, we present estimates of habitable zones (HZs) around stars with stellar effective…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ravi kumar Kopparapu , Ramses M. Ramirez , James SchottelKotte , James F. Kasting , Shawn Domagal-Goldman , Vincent Eymet

Executive Summary: The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is the first astrophysics flagship mission with a key cross-divisional astrobiology science goal of searching for signs of life on rocky planets beyond our solar system. The Living…

We present the science case for characterizing the nature of the first stars using the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). High-resolution ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy with the HWO has the potential to confirm any surviving low-mass…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Ian U. Roederer , Rana Ezzeddine , Jennifer S. Sobeck

Earth will become uninhabitable within 2-3 Gyr as a result of the moving boundaries of the habitable zone caused by the increasing luminosity of the Sun. Predictions about the future of habitable conditions on Earth include a decline in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 J. T. O'Malley-James , J. S. Greaves , J. A. Raven , C. S. Cockell