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Speech representations learned from Self-supervised learning (SSL) models can benefit various speech processing tasks. However, utilizing SSL representations usually requires fine-tuning the pre-trained models or designing task-specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Kai-Wei Chang , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Handwritten text recognition is challenging because of the virtually infinite ways a human can write the same message. Our fully convolutional handwriting model takes in a handwriting sample of unknown length and outputs an arbitrary stream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Felipe Petroski Such , Dheeraj Peri , Frank Brockler , Paul Hutkowski , Raymond Ptucha

This paper serves to introduce the Align, Minimize and Diversify (AMD) method, a Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation approach for Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR). This framework decouples the adaptation process from the source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 María Alfaro-Contreras , Jorge Calvo-Zaragoza

This article focuses on the transcription of medieval manuscripts. Whereas problems of transcription have long interested medievalists, few workable options in the era of printed editions were available besides normalisation. The automation…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Estelle Guéville , David Joseph Wrisley

Historical documents present many challenges for offline handwriting recognition systems, among them, the segmentation and labeling steps. Carefully annotated textlines are needed to train an HTR system. In some scenarios, transcripts are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Edgard Chammas , Chafic Mokbel , Laurence Likforman-Sulem

Prompt tuning, a recently emerging paradigm, enables the powerful vision-language pre-training models to adapt to downstream tasks in a parameter -- and data -- efficient way, by learning the ``soft prompts'' to condition frozen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Juncheng Li , Minghe Gao , Longhui Wei , Siliang Tang , Wenqiao Zhang , Mengze Li , Wei Ji , Qi Tian , Tat-Seng Chua , Yueting Zhuang

Recent advancements in pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have highlighted the significant potential of prompt tuning for adapting these models to a wide range of downstream tasks. However, existing prompt tuning methods typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xinyang Wang , Yi Yang , Minfeng Zhu , Kecheng Zheng , Shi Liu , Wei Chen

Metaphor is a pervasive feature of discourse and a powerful lens for examining cognition, emotion, and ideology. Large-scale analysis, however, has been constrained by the need for manual annotation due to the context-sensitive nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Matteo Fuoli , Weihang Huang , Jeannette Littlemore , Sarah Turner , Ellen Wilding

As of recent generative adversarial networks have allowed for big leaps in the realism of generated images in diverse domains, not the least of which being handwritten text generation. The generation of realistic-looking hand-written text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Alexander Mattick , Martin Mayr , Mathias Seuret , Andreas Maier , Vincent Christlein

Recently, pretrained language models (PLMs) have had exceptional success in language generation. To leverage the rich knowledge encoded by PLMs, a simple yet powerful paradigm is to use prompts in the form of either discrete tokens or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tianyi Tang , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Prompt-Tuning is a new paradigm for finetuning pre-trained language models in a parameter-efficient way. Here, we explore the use of HyperNetworks to generate hyper-prompts: we propose HyperPrompt, a novel architecture for prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Yun He , Huaixiu Steven Zheng , Yi Tay , Jai Gupta , Yu Du , Vamsi Aribandi , Zhe Zhao , YaGuang Li , Zhao Chen , Donald Metzler , Heng-Tze Cheng , Ed H. Chi

Handwritten Text Recognition remains challenging due to the limited data, high writing style variance, and scripts with complex diacritics. Existing approaches, though partially address these issues, often struggle to generalize without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Pham Thach Thanh Truc , Dang Hoai Nam , Huynh Tong Dang Khoa , Vo Nguyen Le Duy

With the rise of online learning, the demand for efficient and consistent assessment in mathematics has significantly increased over the past decade. Machine Learning (ML), particularly Natural Language Processing (NLP), has been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Behnam Parsaeifard , Martin Hlosta , Per Bergamin

Prompting is one of the main ways to adapt a pretrained model to target tasks. Besides manually constructing prompts, many prompt optimization methods have been proposed in the literature. Method development is mainly empirically driven,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tim Genewein , Li Kevin Wenliang , Jordi Grau-Moya , Anian Ruoss , Laurent Orseau , Marcus Hutter

Prompt tuning, in which a base pretrained model is adapted to each task via conditioning on learned prompt vectors, has emerged as a promising approach for efficiently adapting large language models to multiple downstream tasks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Zhen Wang , Rameswar Panda , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Huan Sun , Yoon Kim

Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient method, which learns soft prompts and conditions frozen language models to perform specific downstream tasks. Though effective, prompt tuning under few-shot settings on the one hand heavily relies on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Kaihang Pan , Juncheng Li , Hongye Song , Jun Lin , Xiaozhong Liu , Siliang Tang

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization but remain sensitive to domain shifts at test time. Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) mitigates this issue by adapting prompts with fixed augmentations, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuqing Lei , Yingjun Du , Yawen Huang , Xiantong Zhen , Ling Shao

A handwritten word recognition system comes with issues such as lack of large and diverse datasets. It is necessary to resolve such issues since millions of official documents can be digitized by training deep learning models using a large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Mst Shapna Akter , Hossain Shahriar , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Nova Ahmed , Carson Leung

Multi-level implicit discourse relation recognition (MIDRR) aims at identifying hierarchical discourse relations among arguments. Previous methods achieve the promotion through fine-tuning PLMs. However, due to the data scarcity and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Haodong Zhao , Ruifang He , Mengnan Xiao , Jing Xu

In this paper, we investigate self-supervised pre-training methods for document text recognition. Nowadays, large unlabeled datasets can be collected for many research tasks, including text recognition, but it is costly to annotate them.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Martin Kišš , Michal Hradiš