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Multilingual speech data often suffer from long-tailed language distribution, resulting in performance degradation. However, multilingual text data is much easier to obtain, yielding a more useful general language model. Hence, we are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Kwanghee Choi , Hyung-Min Park

Multilingual models have been widely used for cross-lingual transfer to low-resource languages. However, the performance on these languages is hindered by their underrepresentation in the pretraining data. To alleviate this problem, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Tomasz Limisiewicz , Dan Malkin , Gabriel Stanovsky

The enhancement of mathematical capabilities in large language models (LLMs) fosters new developments in mathematics education within primary and secondary schools, particularly as they relate to intelligent tutoring systems. However, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhenquan Shen , Xinguo Yu , Xiaotian Cheng , Rao Peng , Hao Ming

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible performance in completing various real-world tasks. The current paradigm of knowledge learning for LLMs is mainly based on learning from examples, in which LLMs learn the internal rule…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wenkai Yang , Yankai Lin , Jie Zhou , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models are ubiquitous in natural language processing because they can adapt to new tasks without retraining. However, their sheer scale and complexity present unique challenges and opportunities, prompting researchers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Leo Donisch , Sigurd Schacht , Carsten Lanquillon

In most of neural machine translation distillation or stealing scenarios, the goal is to preserve the performance of the target model (teacher). The highest-scoring hypothesis of the teacher model is commonly used to train a new model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Vilém Zouhar

Visual tokens consume substantial computational resources in multi-modal large models (MLLMs), significantly compromising their efficiency. Recent works have attempted to improve efficiency by compressing visual tokens during training,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zichen Wen , Shaobo Wang , Yufa Zhou , Junyuan Zhang , Qintong Zhang , Yifeng Gao , Zhaorun Chen , Bin Wang , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Linfeng Zhang

Distillation has shown remarkable success in transferring knowledge from a Large Language Model (LLM) teacher to a student LLM. However, current distillation methods require similar tokenizers between the teacher and the student,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Benjamin Minixhofer , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti

Large vision-language models have achieved outstanding performance, but their size and computational requirements make their deployment on resource-constrained devices and time-sensitive tasks impractical. Model distillation, the process of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Xuanlin Li , Yunhao Fang , Minghua Liu , Zhan Ling , Zhuowen Tu , Hao Su

Knowledge distillation addresses the problem of transferring knowledge from a teacher model to a student model. In this process, we typically have multiple types of knowledge extracted from the teacher model. The problem is to make full use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Chenglong Wang , Yi Lu , Yongyu Mu , Yimin Hu , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Pre-trained language models (e.g., BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) and its variants) have achieved remarkable success in varieties of NLP tasks. However, these models usually consist of hundreds of millions of parameters which brings challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Wenhui Wang , Furu Wei , Li Dong , Hangbo Bao , Nan Yang , Ming Zhou

Language models significantly benefit from context tokens, such as prompts or scratchpads. They perform better when prompted with informative instructions, and they acquire new reasoning capabilities by generating a scratch-pad before…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Charlie Snell , Dan Klein , Ruiqi Zhong

Knowledge distillation (KD) aims to transfer knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model. Previous work applying KD in the field of large language models (LLMs) typically focused on the post-training phase, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hao Peng , Xin Lv , Yushi Bai , Zijun Yao , Jiajie Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

On-policy distillation (OPD) has become a core technique in the post-training of large language models, yet its training dynamics remain poorly understood. This paper provides a systematic investigation of OPD dynamics and mechanisms. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yaxuan Li , Yuxin Zuo , Bingxiang He , Jinqian Zhang , Chaojun Xiao , Cheng Qian , Tianyu Yu , Huan-ang Gao , Wenkai Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Ning Ding

As the field continues its push for ever more resources, this work turns the spotlight on a critical question: how can vision-language models (VLMs) be adapted to thrive in low-resource, budget-constrained settings? While large VLMs offer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhiqi Kang , Rahaf Aljundi , Vaggelis Dorovatas , Karteek Alahari

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a key technique for compressing large language models into smaller ones while preserving performance. Despite the recent traction of KD research, its effectiveness for smaller language models (LMs) and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Suhas Kamasetty Ramesh , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Diffusion large language models (DLLMs) have emerged as powerful generative models with the promise of fast text generation through parallel decoding. However, realizing this potential in practice remains challenging: reducing the number of…

Specialized reasoning language models (RLMs) have demonstrated that scaling test-time computation through detailed reasoning traces significantly enhances performance. Although these traces effectively facilitate knowledge distillation into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Philip Lippmann , Jie Yang

Knowledge distillation is the process of transferring the knowledge from a large model to a small model. In this process, the small model learns the generalization ability of the large model and retains the performance close to that of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Zhenyan Hou , Wenxuan Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are important tools for reasoning and problem-solving, while they often operate passively, answering questions without actively discovering new ones. This limitation reduces their ability to simulate human-like…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Hong Su