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Recent work has shown that LLMs can sometimes detect when steering vectors are injected into their residual stream and identify the injected concept -- a phenomenon termed "introspective awareness." We investigate the mechanisms underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Uzay Macar , Li Yang , Atticus Wang , Peter Wallich , Emmanuel Ameisen , Jack Lindsey

As the popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) grow, combining model safety with utility becomes increasingly important. The challenge is making sure that LLMs can recognize and decline dangerous prompts without sacrificing their ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Ruchira Ray , Ruchi Bhalani

Activation steering has emerged as a powerful tool to shape LLM behavior without the need for weight updates. While its inherent brittleness and unreliability are well-documented, its safety implications remain underexplored. In this work,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yuxiao Li , Alina Fastowski , Efstratios Zaradoukas , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

AI developers often apply safety alignment procedures to prevent the misuse of their AI systems. For example, before Meta released Llama 2-Chat - a collection of instruction fine-tuned large language models - they invested heavily in safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Simon Lermen , Charlie Rogers-Smith , Jeffrey Ladish

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of thinking language models that generate extensive internal reasoning chains before producing responses. While these models achieve improved performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Constantin Venhoff , Iván Arcuschin , Philip Torr , Arthur Conmy , Neel Nanda

Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) have significantly enhanced language models' capabilities in complex problem-solving by emulating human-like deliberative thinking. However, these models often exhibit overthinking (i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Weixiang Zhao , Jiahe Guo , Yang Deng , Xingyu Sui , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Wanxiang Che , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) in Large Language Models (LLMs) routes each token through a subset of specialized Feed-Forward Networks (FFN), known as experts. We present SteerMoE, a framework to steer MoE models by detecting and controlling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mohsen Fayyaz , Ali Modarressi , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Franck Dernoncourt , Ryan Rossi , Trung Bui , Hinrich Schütze , Nanyun Peng

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit outstanding performance on vision-language tasks but struggle with hallucination problems. Through in-depth analysis of LVLM activation patterns, we reveal two key findings: 1) truthfulness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jianghao Yin , Qin Chen , Kedi Chen , Jie Zhou , Xingjiao Wu , Liang He

While large language models (LLMs) such as Llama-2 or GPT-4 have shown impressive zero-shot performance, fine-tuning is still necessary to enhance their performance for customized datasets, domain-specific tasks, or other private needs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Chia-Yi Hsu , Yu-Lin Tsai , Chih-Hsun Lin , Pin-Yu Chen , Chia-Mu Yu , Chun-Ying Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially sensitive domains, yet their unpredictable behaviors, ranging from misaligned intent to inconsistent personality, pose significant risks. We introduce SteerEval, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ziwen Xu , Kewei Xu , Haoming Xu , Haiwen Hong , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Ningyu Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Guozhou Zheng , Huajun Chen , Shumin Deng

The reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) has been rapidly advancing in recent years, attracting interest in more fundamental approaches that can reliably enhance their generalizability. This work demonstrates that model…

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has intensified the demand for effective personalization techniques that can adapt model behavior to individual user preferences. Despite the non-parametric methods utilizing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Kounianhua Du , Jianxing Liu , Kangning Zhang , Wenxiang Jiao , Yuan Lu , Jiarui Jin , Weiwen Liu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong multimodal capabilities but have been found to be more susceptible to generating harmful content compared to their backbone large language models (LLMs). Our investigation reveals that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Qing Li , Jiahui Geng , Zongxiong Chen , Kun Song , Lei Ma , Fakhri Karray

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in generation tasks but are prone to producing harmful, misleading, or biased content, posing significant ethical and safety concerns. To mitigate such risks, representation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zeqing He , Zhibo Wang , Huiyu Xu , Hejun Lin , Wenhui Zhang , Zhixuan Chu

Having an LLM that aligns with human preferences is essential for accommodating individual needs, such as maintaining writing style or generating specific topics of interest. The majority of current alignment methods rely on fine-tuning or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Bingqing Song , Boran Han , Shuai Zhang , Hao Wang , Haoyang Fang , Bonan Min , Yuyang Wang , Mingyi Hong

A popular approach to post-training control of large language models (LLMs) is the steering of intermediate latent representations. Namely, identify a well-chosen direction depending on the task at hand and perturbs representations along…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Magamed Taimeskhanov , Samuel Vaiter , Damien Garreau

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents demonstrate strong capabilities in autonomous task execution, tool use, and multi-step reasoning. However, their increasing autonomy also introduces a new attack surface: adversarial interactions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sheldon Yu , Yingcheng Sun , Hanqing Guo , Julian McAuley , Qianqian Tong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in educational and learning applications. Research has demonstrated that controlling for style, to fit the needs of the learner, fosters increased understanding, promotes inclusion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ankit Aich , Tingting Liu , Salvatore Giorgi , Kelsey Isman , Lyle Ungar , Brenda Curtis

Despite the success of Instruction Tuning (IT) in training large language models (LLMs), such models often leverage spurious or biased features learnt from their training data and can become misaligned, leading to undesired behaviours.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Tom A. Lamb , Adam Davies , Alasdair Paren , Philip H. S. Torr , Francesco Pinto

Large Language Models (LLMs) can acquire unintended biases from seemingly benign training data even without explicit cues or malicious content. Existing methods struggle to detect such risks before fine-tuning, making post hoc evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mengru Wang , Zhenqian Xu , Junfeng Fang , Yunzhi Yao , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang