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We investigate the performance of large language models on repetitive deterministic prediction tasks and study how the sequence accuracy rate scales with output length. Each such task involves repeating the same operation n times. Examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wanda Hou , Leon Zhou , Hong-Ye Hu , Yubei Chen , Yi-Zhuang You , Xiao-Liang Qi

Are there still barriers to generalization once all of the relevant variables are known? We address this question via a framework that casts compositional generalization as a variational inference problem over latent variables with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 John Schwarcz

General-purpose language models are trained to produce varied natural language outputs, but for some tasks, like annotation or classification, we need more specific output formats. LLM systems increasingly support structured output, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Sil Hamilton , David Mimno

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) makes it important to recognize their strengths and limitations. We argue that in order to develop a holistic understanding of these systems we need to consider the problem that they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 R. Thomas McCoy , Shunyu Yao , Dan Friedman , Matthew Hardy , Thomas L. Griffiths

Systematic compositionality is an essential mechanism in human language, allowing the recombination of known parts to create novel expressions. However, existing neural models have been shown to lack this basic ability in learning symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Yichen Jiang , Mohit Bansal

While large language models (LLMs) appear to be increasingly capable of solving compositional tasks, it is an open question whether they do so using compositional mechanisms. In this work, we investigate how feedforward LLMs solve two-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Apoorv Khandelwal , Ellie Pavlick

Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials play a fundamental role in computational chemistry and materials science, enabling applications from molecular dynamics simulations to drug design and materials discovery. While recent approaches can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Amir Masoud Nourollah , Irtaza Khalid , Stefano Leoni , Steven Schockaert

We propose a novel framework for comprehending the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through the perspective of meta-learning. By conceptualizing reasoning trajectories as pseudo-gradient descent updates to the LLM's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junnan Liu , Hongwei Liu , Linchen Xiao , Shudong Liu , Taolin Zhang , Zihan Ma , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances in natural language processing, but their underlying mechanisms are often misunderstood. Despite exhibiting coherent answers and apparent reasoning behaviors, LLMs rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Bo Zhou , Daniel Geißler , Paul Lukowicz

Following the success of Large Language Models (LLMs), Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), such as the Flamingo model and its subsequent competitors, have started to emerge as natural steps towards generalist agents. However, interacting with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Mustafa Shukor , Alexandre Rame , Corentin Dancette , Matthieu Cord

We formalize and study a phenomenon called feature collapse that makes precise the intuitive idea that entities playing a similar role in a learning task receive similar representations. As feature collapse requires a notion of task, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Thomas Laurent , James H. von Brecht , Xavier Bresson

Hybrid model architectures that combine computational primitives (e.g., Attention, MLP) in different ratios have shown promising performance beyond Transformers. Some studies have shown that different interleavings of primitives can affect…

Trained ML models are commonly embedded in optimization problems. In many cases, this leads to large-scale NLPs that are difficult to solve to global optimality. While ML models frequently lead to large problems, they also exhibit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Artur M. Schweidtmann , Dominik Bongartz , Alexander Mitsos

Temporal logic is a framework for representing and reasoning about propositions that evolve over time. It is commonly used for specifying requirements in various domains, including hardware and software systems, as well as robotics.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 İlker Işık , Ebru Aydin Gol , Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis

Large Language Models (LLMs), originally developed for natural language processing (NLP), have demonstrated the potential to generalize across modalities and domains. With their in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, LLMs can perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Nikolaos Pavlidis , Vasilis Perifanis , Symeon Symeonidis , Pavlos S. Efraimidis

Recent work exploring the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to act as general pattern machines by completing complex token sequences representing a wide array of tasks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Richard Lee Davis , Adam Hazimeh , Bojan Lazarevski , Pierre Dillenbourg , Tanja Käser

Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence architectures, while achieving state-of-the-art results on a large number of NLP tasks, can still suffer from overfitting during training. In practice, this is usually countered either by applying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Dušan Variš , Ondřej Bojar

Prior research has explored the ability of computational models to predict a word semantic fit with a given predicate. While much work has been devoted to modeling the typicality relation between verbs and arguments in isolation, in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Paolo Pedinotti , Giulia Rambelli , Emmanuele Chersoni , Enrico Santus , Alessandro Lenci , Philippe Blache

Graph-matching metrics such as Smatch are the de facto standard for evaluating neural semantic parsers, yet they capture surface overlap rather than logical equivalence. We reassess evaluation by pairing graph-matching with automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Hayate Funakura , Hyunsoo Kim , Koji Mineshima

A Mamba state-space model trained only for next-step prediction appears to recover Granger-causal structure through a simple readout $S = |W_{out} W_{in}|$, with early experiments suggesting the phenomenon generalized across architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ankit Hemant Lade , Sai Krishna Jasti , Indar Kumar , Aman Chadha