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We investigate in massive early-type galaxies the variation of their two-dimensional central fraction of dark over total mass and dark matter density as a function of stellar mass, central stellar velocity dispersion, effective radius, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Claudio Grillo

Extreme adaptive optics instruments have revealed exquisite details on debris discs, allowing to extract the optical properties of the dust particles such as the phase function, the degree of polarisation and the spectral reflectance. These…

GASPS is a far-infrared line and continuum survey of protoplanetary and young debris disks using PACS on the Herschel Space Observatory. The survey includes [OI] at 63 microns, as well as 70, 100 and 160um continuum, with the brightest…

Disks around brown dwarfs (BDs) are excellent laboratories to study the first steps of planet formation in cold and low-mass disk conditions. The radial-drift velocities of dust particles in BD disks are higher than in disks around more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-13 P. Pinilla , L. H. Quiroga-Nuñez , M. Benisty , A. Natta , L. Ricci , Th. Henning , G. van der Plas , T. Birnstiel , L. Testi , K. Ward-Duong

Many white dwarfs host disks of dust produced by disintegrating planetesimals and revealed by infrared excesses. The disk around G29-38 was the first to be discovered and is now well-observed, yet we lack a cohesive picture of its geometry…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 Nicholas P. Ballering , Colette I. Levens , Kate Y. L. Su , L. Ilsedore Cleeves

The present-day state of the Milky Way disk can tell us much about the history of our Galaxy and provide insights into its formation. We have constructed a high-precision catalogue of disk stars using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-01-19 Martin C. Smith

Debris disks or belts are important signposts for the presence of colliding planetesimals and, therefore, for ongoing planet formation and evolution processes in young planetary systems. Imaging of debris material at small separations from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-24 N. Engler , H. M. Schmid , S. P. Quanz , H. Avenhaus , A. Bazzon

Radio and near-infrared observations have observed dozens of protoplanetary disks that host spiral arm features. Numerical simulations have shown that companions may excite spiral density waves in protoplanetary disks via companion-disk…

The majority of debris discs discovered so far have only been detected through infrared excess emission above stellar photospheres. While disc properties can be inferred from unresolved photometry alone under various assumptions for the…

We study the protoplanetary disk lifetimes using a large sample of young stellar objects in nearby clusters. To investigate the final phase of disk dissipation, we selected 32 clusters, located within 500 pc and aged between 1 and 100 Myr,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-03 Gregory Mathews Ben , Jessy Jose , Jesús Hernández

Following from our recent work, we present results of a detailed analysis of a representative sample of nearby galaxies. The photometric parameters of the morphological components are obtained from bulge-disk decompositions, using GALFIT…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-16 Bogdan A. Pastrav

Cool debris discs are a relic of the planetesimal formation process around their host star, analogous to the solar system's Edgeworth-Kuiper belt. As such, they can be used as a proxy to probe the origin and formation of planetary systems…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Jonathan P. Marshall , F. Kirchschlager , S. Ertel , J. -C. Augereau , G. M. Kennedy , M. Booth , S. Wolf , B. Montesinos , C. Eiroa , B. Matthews

We use the Stripe 82 proper motion catalogue of Bramich et al. (2008) to study the kinematics of Galactic disk stars in the solar neighborhood. We select samples of dwarf stars with reliable spectra and proper motions. They have cylindrical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-02-08 Martin C. Smith , S. Hannah Whiteoak , N. W. Evans

HR4796A is surrounded by a debris disc, observed in scattered light as an inclined ring. Past observations raised several questions. First, a strong brightness asymmetry detected in polarized reflected light recently challenged our…

We theoretically analyze protoplanetary disks consisting of porous dust grains. In the analysis of observations of protoplanetary disks the dust phase is often assumed to consist of spherical grains, allowing one to apply the Mie scattering…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-05 F. Kirchschlager , S. Wolf

We present new observations that densely sample the microwave (4-360 GHz) continuum spectra from eight young systems in the Taurus region. Multi-component, empirical model prescriptions were used to disentangle the contributions from their…

Because of the 3D nature of galaxies, an algorithm for constructing spatial density distribution models of galaxies on the basis of galaxy images has many advantages over surface density distribution approximations. We present a method for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-28 E. Tempel , A. Tamm , R. Kipper , P. Tenjes

The variety of observed protoplanetary disks in polarimetric light motivates a taxonomical study to constrain their evolution and establish the current framework of this type of observations. We classified 58 disks with available…

Accreting protoplanets provide key insights into how planets assemble from their natal protoplanetary disks. Recently, Zhou et al. (2021) used angular differential imaging (ADI) with Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-16 Aniket Sanghi , Yifan Zhou , Brendan P. Bowler

In the early stages of planetary system formation, young exoplanets gravitationally interact with their surrounding environments and leave observable signatures on protoplanetary disks. Among these structures, a pair of nearly symmetric…