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The evolution of protoplanetary disks, especially in the early stages of planetary formation, as dust grows, is the cornerstone of the birth of planets. The mechanisms involved in the growth of sub-micrometric dust grains into planetesimals…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-01 Maxime Roumesy , François Ménard , Gaspard Duchêne , Ryo Tazaki , Christian Ginski

Scattering phase functions (SPFs) derived from resolved scattered-light images of debris discs are widely used to infer dust grain properties, often via parametric forms such as the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase function. However, it remains…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 Quincy Bosschaart , Johan Olofsson

High-contrast scattered light observations have revealed the surface morphology of several dozens of protoplanetary disks at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. Inclined disks offer the opportunity to measure part of the phase function…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 T. Stolker , C. Dominik , M. Min , A. Garufi , G. D. Mulders , H. Avenhaus

Diverse protoplanetary disk morphology can result from planet-disk interaction, suggesting planetary presence. To date, most scattered light imaging campaigns have probed polarized light, which is only a fraction of the total light and not…

We present a novel machine learning method that is capable of rapidly and accurately producing dust-continuum model images and spectral energy distributions from training sets created using a detailed radiative transfer code. We create a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 Tim J. Harries

Studying young protoplanetary disks is essential for understanding planet formation, but traditional angular differential imaging can introduce self-subtraction artefacts that hinder interpretation of small-scale structures. We present…

As the earliest stage of planet formation, massive, optically thick, and gas rich protoplanetary disks provide key insights into the physics of star and planet formation. When viewed edge-on, high resolution images offer a unique…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 S. Wolff , G. Duchêne , K. Stapelfeldt , F. Ménard , C. Flores , D. Padgett , C. Pinte , M. Villenave , G. van der Plas , M. Perrin

The appearance of debris disks around distant stars depends upon the scattering/phase function (SPF) of the material in the disk. However, characterizing the SPFs of these extrasolar debris disks is challenging because only a limited range…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-24 M. M. Hedman , C. C. Stark

Abridged: Debris disks are valuable systems to study dust properties. Because they are optically thin at all wavelengths, we have direct access to the properties of dust grains. One very promising technique to study them is to measure their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-05 J. Olofsson , J. Milli , A. Bayo , Th. Henning , N. Engler

High-resolution scattered-light imaging has revealed complex morphologies in protoplanetary and circumstellar disks. Measuring the vertical height of the scattering surface is key to understanding disk structure, evolution, and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-09 J. Byrne , C. Ginski , R. F. van Capelleveen , N. Fitzgerald , A. Garufi , C. Coyne , C. Lawlor , D. McLachlan

Dust particles are the building blocks from which planetary bodies are made. A major goal of the studies of planet-forming disks is to constrain the properties of dust particles and aggregates in order to trace their origin, structure, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-16 Christian Ginski , Ryo Tazaki , Carsten Dominik , Tomas Stolker

Dust extinction can be determined from the number of distant field galaxies seen through a spiral disk. To calibrate this number for the crowding and confusion introduced by the foreground image, Gonzalez et al.(1998) and Holwerda et al.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 B. W. Holwerda , R. A. Gonzalez , Ronald J. Allen , P. C. van der Kruit

We present a novel method for determining the surface density of protoplanetary disks through consideration of disk 'dust lines' which indicate the observed disk radial scale at different observational wavelengths. This method relies on the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-19 Diana Powell , Ruth Murray-Clay , Hilke E. Schlichting

Context. Observations at sub-millimeter and mm wavelengths will in the near future be able to resolve the radial dependence of the mm spectral slope in circumstellar disks with a resolution of around a few AU at the distance of the closest…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-07-20 T. Birnstiel , L. Ricci , F. Trotta , C. P. Dullemond , A. Natta , L. Testi , C. Dominik , T. Henning , C. W. Ormel , A. Zsom

Because of bright starlight leakage in coronagraphic raw images, faint astrophysical objects such as exoplanets can only be detected using powerful point spread function (PSF) subtraction algorithms. However, these algorithms have strong…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-16 Johan Mazoyer , Pauline Arriaga , Justin Hom , Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer , Christine Chen , Jason Wang , Gaspard Duchêne , Jennifer Patience , Laurent Pueyo

We present the most sensitive 3 mm-survey to date of protoplanetary disks carried in the Taurus-Auriga star forming region (average rms of about 0.3 mJy), using the IRAM PdBI. With our high detection rate of 17/19, we provide the first…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 L. Ricci , L. Testi , A. Natta , R. Neri , S. Cabrit , G. J. Herczeg

Dust is known to drift and grow in protoplanetary discs, which results in dust segregation over the disc extent. Maps of the spectral index $\alpha$ are a common tool for studying the dust content in protoplanetary discs. The analysis of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 Yaroslav Pavlyuchenkov , Vitaly Akimkin , Dmitri Wiebe , Eduard Vorobyov

Measuring the masses of protoplanetary disks is crucial for understanding their planet-forming potential. Typically, dust masses are derived from (sub-)millimeter flux density measurements plus assumptions for the opacity, temperature, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-27 Nicholas P. Ballering , Josh A. Eisner

The dust in protoplanetary disks is an important ingredient in planet formation and can be investigated with model simulations and quantitative imaging polarimetry of the scattered stellar light. This study explores circumstellar disks with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-27 J. Ma , H. M. Schmid
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