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Deep neural networks tend to make overconfident predictions and often require additional detectors for misclassifications, particularly for safety-critical applications. Existing detection methods usually only focus on adversarial attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Julia Lust , Alexandru P. Condurache

Diffusion models are becoming defector generative models, which generate exceptionally high-resolution image data. Training effective diffusion models require massive real data, which is privately owned by distributed parties. Each data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jiyue Huang , Chi Hong , Lydia Y. Chen , Stefanie Roos

Recent works have demonstrated that it is possible to reconstruct training images and their labels from gradients of an image-classification model when its architecture is known. Unfortunately, there is still an incomplete theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Cangxiong Chen , Neill D. F. Campbell

Recent studies have shown that the training samples can be recovered from gradients, which are called Gradient Inversion (GradInv) attacks. However, there remains a lack of extensive surveys covering recent advances and thorough analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Rui Zhang , Song Guo , Junxiao Wang , Xin Xie , Dacheng Tao

Graph federated learning is of essential importance for training over large graph datasets while protecting data privacy, where each client stores a subset of local graph data, while the server collects the local gradients and broadcasts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Divya Anand Sinha , Ruijie Du , Yezi Liu , Athina Markopolou , Yanning Shen

In the effort to learn from extensive collections of distributed data, federated learning has emerged as a promising approach for preserving privacy by using a gradient-sharing mechanism instead of exchanging raw data. However, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tamer Ahmed Eltaras , Qutaibah Malluhi , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Adnan Qayyum , Junaid Qadir

Federated learning has emerged as a prominent privacy-preserving technique for leveraging large-scale distributed datasets by sharing gradients instead of raw data. However, recent studies indicate that private training data can still be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tamer Ahmed Eltaras , Qutaibah Malluhi , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Adnan Qayyum

In this paper, we design and train a Generative Image-to-text Transformer, GIT, to unify vision-language tasks such as image/video captioning and question answering. While generative models provide a consistent network architecture between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Jianfeng Wang , Zhengyuan Yang , Xiaowei Hu , Linjie Li , Kevin Lin , Zhe Gan , Zicheng Liu , Ce Liu , Lijuan Wang

Federated learning synchronizes models through gradient transmission and aggregation. However, these gradients pose significant privacy risks, as sensitive training data is embedded within them. Existing gradient inversion attacks suffer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiayang Meng , Tao Huang , Hong Chen , Chen Hou , Guolong Zheng

Federated learning is a decentralized learning paradigm introduced to preserve privacy of client data. Despite this, prior work has shown that an attacker at the server can still reconstruct the private training data using only the client…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Joshua C. Zhao , Ahaan Dabholkar , Atul Sharma , Saurabh Bagchi

Federated learning claims to enable collaborative model training among multiple clients with data privacy by transmitting gradient updates instead of the actual client data. However, recent studies have shown the client privacy is still at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Maria Drencheva , Ivo Petrov , Maximilian Baader , Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Martin Vechev

Collaborative machine learning settings like federated learning can be susceptible to adversarial interference and attacks. One class of such attacks is termed model inversion attacks, characterised by the adversary reverse-engineering the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Dmitrii Usynin , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for collaborative model training without sharing private data. However, privacy concerns regarding information exchanged during FL have received significant research attention.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Bowen Li , Hanlin Gu , Ruoxin Chen , Jie Li , Chentao Wu , Na Ruan , Xueming Si , Lixin Fan

Gradient inversion attacks on federated learning systems reconstruct client training data from exchanged gradient information. To defend against such attacks, a variety of defense mechanisms were proposed. However, they usually lead to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Daniel Scheliga , Patrick Mäder , Marco Seeland

Federated learning of deep learning models for supervised tasks, e.g. image classification and segmentation, has found many applications: for example in human-in-the-loop tasks such as film post-production where it enables sharing of domain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-22 Cangxiong Chen , Neill D. F. Campbell

In this work we demonstrate the vulnerability of vision transformers (ViTs) to gradient-based inversion attacks. During this attack, the original data batch is reconstructed given model weights and the corresponding gradients. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ali Hatamizadeh , Hongxu Yin , Holger Roth , Wenqi Li , Jan Kautz , Daguang Xu , Pavlo Molchanov

Recent studies have shown that distributed machine learning is vulnerable to gradient inversion attacks, where private training data can be reconstructed by analyzing the gradients of the models shared in training. Previous attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Weijun Li , Qiongkai Xu , Mark Dras

Federated Learning (FL) framework brings privacy benefits to distributed learning systems by allowing multiple clients to participate in a learning task under the coordination of a central server without exchanging their private data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Zhuohang Li , Jiaxin Zhang , Luyang Liu , Jian Liu

Federated reinforcement learning (FRL) enables distributed learning of optimal policies while preserving local data privacy through gradient sharing.However, FRL faces the risk of data privacy leaks, where attackers exploit shared gradients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shenghong He

Exchanging gradients is a widely used method in modern multi-node machine learning system (e.g., distributed training, collaborative learning). For a long time, people believed that gradients are safe to share: i.e., the training data will…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Ligeng Zhu , Zhijian Liu , Song Han
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