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Active inference is a Bayesian framework for understanding biological intelligence. The underlying theory brings together perception and action under one single imperative: minimizing free energy. However, despite its theoretical utility in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-23 Zafeirios Fountas , Noor Sajid , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Karl Friston

We describe a framework of hybrid cognition by formulating a hybrid cognitive agent that performs hierarchical active inference across a human and a machine part. We suggest that, in addition to enhancing human cognitive functions with an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-08 André Ofner , Sebastian Stober

Generative agents powered by language models are increasingly deployed for long-horizon tasks. However, as long-term memory context grows over time, they struggle to maintain coherence. This deficiency leads to critical failures, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Daniel Platnick , Mohamed E. Bengueddache , Marjan Alirezaie , Dava J. Newman , Alex ''Sandy'' Pentland , Hossein Rahnama

The Free Energy Principle (FEP) is a theoretical framework for describing how (intelligent) systems self-organise into coherent, stable structures by minimising a free energy functional. Active Inference (AIF) is a corollary of the FEP that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Magnus Koudahl , Thijs van de Laar , Bert de Vries

Active inference is a state-of-the-art framework in neuroscience that offers a unified theory of brain function. It is also proposed as a framework for planning in AI. Unfortunately, the complex mathematics required to create new models --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Théophile Champion , Marek Grześ , Howard Bowman

The large artificial intelligence models (LAMs) show strong capabilities in perception, reasoning, and multi-modal understanding, and can enable advanced capabilities in low-altitude edge intelligence. However, the deployment of LAMs at the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jiahao You , Ziye Jia , Chao Dong , Qihui Wu

Pre-trained generalist policies are rapidly gaining relevance in robot learning due to their promise of fast adaptation to novel, in-domain tasks. This adaptation often relies on collecting new demonstrations for a specific task of interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Marco Bagatella , Jonas Hübotter , Georg Martius , Andreas Krause

We introduce Imagination-Augmented Agents (I2As), a novel architecture for deep reinforcement learning combining model-free and model-based aspects. In contrast to most existing model-based reinforcement learning and planning methods, which…

Generative AI (GenAI) has transformed applications in natural language processing and content creation, yet centralized inference remains hindered by high latency, limited customizability, and privacy concerns. Deploying large models (LMs)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Haiyuan Li , Hari Madhukumar , Shuangyi Yan , Yulei Wu , Dimitra Simeonidou

Interactive decision-making is essential in applications such as autonomous driving, where the agent must infer the behavior of nearby human drivers while planning in real-time. Traditional predict-then-act frameworks are often insufficient…

Active inference is a mathematical framework that originated in computational neuroscience. Recently, it has been demonstrated as a promising approach for constructing goal-driven behavior in robotics. Specifically, the active inference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Mohamed Baioumy , Corrado Pezzato , Riccardo Ferrari , Nick Hawes

With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), Agentic AI (AAI) based on large language models (LLMs) is gradually being applied to network management. However, in edge network environments, high user mobility and implicit service…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yan Sun , Shaoyong Guo , Sai Huang , Zhiyong Feng , Feng Qi , Xuesong Qiu

Recent advances in deep-research agents have shown promise for autonomous knowledge construction through dynamic reasoning over external sources. However, existing approaches rely on a mono-contextual paradigm that accumulates all…

Active inference is a unifying theory for perception and action resting upon the idea that the brain maintains an internal model of the world by minimizing free energy. From a behavioral perspective, active inference agents can be seen as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

In order to enable high-quality decision making and motion planning of intelligent systems such as robotics and autonomous vehicles, accurate probabilistic predictions for surrounding interactive objects is a crucial prerequisite. Although…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Jiachen Li , Hengbo Ma , Masayoshi Tomizuka

The free energy principle, and its corollary active inference, constitute a bio-inspired theory that assumes biological agents act to remain in a restricted set of preferred states of the world, i.e., they minimize their free energy. Under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Ozan Çatal , Bart Dhoedt

Real-world reinforcement learning applications are often hindered by delayed feedback from environments, which violates the Markov assumption and introduces significant challenges. Although numerous delay-compensating methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jongsoo Lee , Jangwon Kim , Jiseok Jeong , Soohee Han

This paper proposes an intent-aware multi-agent planning framework as well as a learning algorithm. Under this framework, an agent plans in the goal space to maximize the expected utility. The planning process takes the belief of other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Siyuan Qi , Song-Chun Zhu

Large reasoning models have demonstrated strong problem-solving abilities, yet real-world tasks often require external tools and long-horizon interactions. Existing agent frameworks typically follow predefined workflows, which limit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Xiaoxi Li , Wenxiang Jiao , Jiarui Jin , Guanting Dong , Jiajie Jin , Yinuo Wang , Hao Wang , Yutao Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen , Yuan Lu , Zhicheng Dou

Agentic AI (AAI), which extends Large Language Models with enhanced reasoning capabilities, has emerged as a promising paradigm for autonomous edge service scheduling. However, user mobility creates highly dynamic service demands in edge…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yan Sun , Yinqiu Liu , Shaoyong Guo , Ruichen Zhang , Feng Qi , Xuesong Qiu , Weifeng Gong , Dusit Niyato , Qihui Wu