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Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across a wide range of tasks, but remain frozen after pretraining until subsequent updates. Many real-world applications require timely, domain-specific information, motivating the…

Recently, In-context Learning (ICL) has become a significant inference paradigm in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), utilizing a few in-context demonstrations (ICDs) to prompt LMMs for new tasks. However, the synergistic effects in multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuchu Jiang , Jiale Fu , Chenduo Hao , Xinting Hu , Yingzhe Peng , Xin Geng , Xu Yang

Given a textual description, the task of referring expression comprehension (REC) involves the localisation of the referred object in an image. Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved high accuracy on REC benchmarks through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yik Lung Pang , Changjae Oh

In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn tasks from demonstration examples without parameter updates. Although it has been extensively studied in LLMs, its effectiveness in Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Gabriel O. dos Santos , Esther Colombini , Sandra Avila

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a cornerstone in real-world applications with lengthy streaming inputs (e.g., LLM-driven agents). However, existing LLMs, pre-trained on sequences with a restricted maximum length, cannot process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chaojun Xiao , Pengle Zhang , Xu Han , Guangxuan Xiao , Yankai Lin , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable image-language capabilities, but their widespread use faces challenges in cost-effective training and adaptation. Existing approaches often necessitate expensive language model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Sayna Ebrahimi , Sercan O. Arik , Tejas Nama , Tomas Pfister

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping unsupervised learning by offering an unprecedented ability to perform text clustering based on their deep semantic understanding. However, their direct application is fundamentally limited by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuanjie Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Ke Xu , Weizhi Zhang , Zihe Song , Jindong Wang , Philip S. Yu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made remarkable strides, largely driven by their ability to process increasingly long and complex contexts, such as high-resolution images, extended video sequences, and lengthy audio input.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kele Shao , Keda Tao , Kejia Zhang , Sicheng Feng , Mu Cai , Yuzhang Shang , Haoxuan You , Can Qin , Yang Sui , Huan Wang

Large-scale models trained on extensive datasets have become the standard due to their strong generalizability across diverse tasks. In-context learning (ICL), widely used in natural language processing, leverages these models by providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Jiahao Zhang , Bowen Wang , Hong Liu , Liangzhi Li , Yuta Nakashima , Hajime Nagahara

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to handle long input sequences due to high memory and runtime costs. Memory-augmented models have emerged as a promising solution to this problem, but current methods are hindered by limited memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Zexue He , Leonid Karlinsky , Donghyun Kim , Julian McAuley , Dmitry Krotov , Rogerio Feris

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm for recommendation by converting interacted item history into language modeling. However, constrained by the limited context length of LLMs, existing approaches have to truncate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiayi Liao , Ruobing Xie , Sihang Li , Xiang Wang , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Xiangnan He

The Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated supreme capabilities in text understanding and generation, but cannot be directly applied to cross-modal tasks without fine-tuning. This paper proposes a cross-modal in-context learning…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Dongchao Yang , Haohan Guo , Yuanyuan Wang , Rongjie Huang , Xiang Li , Xu Tan , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown significant progress in various complex vision tasks with the solid linguistic and reasoning capacity inherited from large language models (LMMs). Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offers a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Liang Mi , Weijun Wang , Wenming Tu , Qingfeng He , Rui Kong , Xinyu Fang , Yazhu Dong , Yikang Zhang , Yunchun Li , Meng Li , Haipeng Dai , Guihai Chen , Yunxin Liu

Multimodal in-context learning (ICL) equips Large Vision-language Models (LVLMs) with the ability to adapt to new tasks via multiple user-provided demonstrations, without requiring any model parameter updates. However, its effectiveness is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yanshu Li , Yi Cao , Hongyang He , Qisen Cheng , Xiang Fu , Xi Xiao , Tianyang Wang , Ruixiang Tang

Long Context Language Models (LCLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm to perform Information Retrieval (IR), which enables the direct ingestion and retrieval of information by processing an entire corpus in their single context, showcasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Minju Seo , Jinheon Baek , Seongyun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows have made significant strides yet remain a challenge due to the scarcity of long documents. Existing methods tend to synthesize long-context data but lack a clear mechanism to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chaochen Gao , Xing Wu , Zijia Lin , Debing Zhang , Songlin Hu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in diverse tasks across different domains, with an increasing focus on improving their zero-shot generalization capabilities for unseen multimodal tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ying Shen , Zhiyang Xu , Qifan Wang , Yu Cheng , Wenpeng Yin , Lifu Huang

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks without weight updates by learning from demonstration sequences. While ICL shows strong empirical performance, its internal representational mechanisms are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiachen Jiang , Yuxin Dong , Jinxin Zhou , Zhihui Zhu

Large language-vision models (LVLMs) such as CLIP, Flamingo, and BLIP have revolutionized AI by enabling understanding across textual and visual modalities. These models excel at tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hamza Ahmed Durrani , Rafay Suleman Durrani

Language models (LMs) and their extension, vision-language models (VLMs), have achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they still struggle with complex reasoning tasks that require multimodal or multilingual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wenyi Wu , Zixuan Song , Kun Zhou , Yifei Shao , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang