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The increasing realism of synthetic speech, driven by advancements in text-to-speech models, raises ethical concerns regarding impersonation and disinformation. Audio watermarking offers a promising solution via embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Hongbin Liu , Moyang Guo , Zhengyuan Jiang , Lun Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Audio watermarking is increasingly used to verify the provenance of AI-generated content, enabling applications such as detecting AI-generated speech, protecting music IP, and defending against voice cloning. To be effective, audio…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yizhu Wen , Ashwin Innuganti , Aaron Bien Ramos , Hanqing Guo , Qiben Yan

While existing audio watermarking techniques have achieved strong robustness against traditional digital signal processing (DSP) attacks, they remain vulnerable to neural resynthesis. This occurs because modern neural audio codecs act as…

Audio watermarking is widely used for leaking source tracing. The robustness of the watermark determines the traceability of the algorithm. With the development of digital technology, audio re-recording (AR) has become an efficient and…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Chang Liu , Jie Zhang , Han Fang , Zehua Ma , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Current image watermarking methods are vulnerable to advanced image editing techniques enabled by large-scale text-to-image models. These models can distort embedded watermarks during editing, posing significant challenges to copyright…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shilin Lu , Zihan Zhou , Jiayou Lu , Yuanzhi Zhu , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

Safeguarding intellectual property and preventing potential misuse of AI-generated images are of paramount importance. This paper introduces a robust and agile plug-and-play watermark detection framework, dubbed as RAW. As a departure from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Xun Xian , Ganghua Wang , Xuan Bi , Jayanth Srinivasa , Ashish Kundu , Mingyi Hong , Jie Ding

The audio watermarking technique embeds messages into audio and accurately extracts messages from the watermarked audio. Traditional methods develop algorithms based on expert experience to embed watermarks into the time-domain or…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Pengcheng Li , Xulong Zhang , Jing Xiao , Jianzong Wang

In the burgeoning age of generative AI, watermarks act as identifiers of provenance and artificial content. We present WAVES (Watermark Analysis Via Enhanced Stress-testing), a benchmark for assessing image watermark robustness, overcoming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Bang An , Mucong Ding , Tahseen Rabbani , Aakriti Agrawal , Yuancheng Xu , Chenghao Deng , Sicheng Zhu , Abdirisak Mohamed , Yuxin Wen , Tom Goldstein , Furong Huang

Prevailing practice in learning-based audio watermarking is to pursue robustness by expanding the set of simulated distortions during training. However, such surrogates are narrow and prone to overfitting. This paper presents AWARE (Audio…

Automatic detection of synthetic speech is becoming increasingly important as current synthesis methods are both near indistinguishable from human speech and widely accessible to the public. Audio watermarking and other active disclosure…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Lauri Juvela , Xin Wang

Audio watermarking embeds auxiliary information into speech while maintaining speaker identity, linguistic content, and perceptual quality. Although recent advances in neural and digital signal processing-based watermarking methods have…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yigitcan Özer , Wanying Ge , Zhe Zhang , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi

The rapid advancement of generative AI has made it increasingly challenging to distinguish between deepfake audio and authentic human speech. To overcome the limitations of passive detection methods, we propose StreamMark, a novel deep…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Zhentao Liu , Milos Cernak

The rapid development of video generative models has led to a surge in highly realistic synthetic videos, raising ethical concerns related to disinformation and copyright infringement. Recently, video watermarking has been proposed as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Kecen Li , Yuepeng Hu , Yupu Wang , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

As deep learning advances in audio generation, challenges in audio security and copyright protection highlight the need for robust audio watermarking. Recent neural network-based methods have made progress but still face three main issues:…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yaoxun Xu , Jianwei Yu , Hangting Chen , Zhiyong Wu , Xixin Wu , Dong Yu , Rongzhi Gu , Yi Luo

Audio watermarking has been widely applied in copyright protection and source tracing. However, due to the inherent characteristics of audio signals, watermark localization and resistance to desynchronization attacks remain significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhenliang Gan , Xiaoxiao Hu , Sheng Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Existing Audio Deepfake Detection (ADD) systems often struggle to generalise effectively due to the significantly degraded audio quality caused by audio codec compression and channel transmission effects in real-world communication…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Haohan Shi , Xiyu Shi , Safak Dogan , Saif Alzubi , Tianjin Huang , Yunxiao Zhang

In the audio modality, state-of-the-art watermarking methods leverage deep neural networks to allow the embedding of human-imperceptible signatures in generated audio. The ideal is to embed signatures that can be detected with high accuracy…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Patrick O'Reilly , Zeyu Jin , Jiaqi Su , Bryan Pardo

Audio watermarking has played an important role in multimedia security. In many applications using audio watermarking, D/A and A/D conversions (denoted by DA/AD in this paper) are often involved. In previous works, however, the robustness…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-07-04 Shijun Xiang , Jiwu Huang

We propose a novel audio watermarking system that is robust to the distortion due to the indoor acoustic propagation channel between the loudspeaker and the receiving microphone. The system utilizes a set of new algorithms that effectively…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Yuan-Yen Tai , Mohamed F. Mansour

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao
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