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Modern blockchains face a scalability challenge due to the intrinsic throughput limitations of consensus protocols. Layer 2 optimistic rollups (L2) are a faster alternative that offer the same interface in terms of smart contract…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Margarita Capretto , Martín Ceresa , Antonio Fernández Anta , Pedro Moreno-Sánchez , César Sánchez

With the proliferation of new blockchain-based cryptocurrencies/assets and platforms that make it possible to transact across them, it becomes important to consider not just whether the transfer of coins/assets can be tracked within their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ayush Kumar , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Payment channel networks like Bitcoin's Lightning network are an auspicious approach for realizing high transaction throughput and almost-instant confirmations in blockchain networks. However, the ability to successfully make payments in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Oguzhan Ersoy , Stefanie Roos , Zekeriya Erkin

Less than truckload shipping plays a critical role in modern supply chains by consolidating freight from multiple shippers into shared vehicles. Despite its operational flexibility and potential sustainability benefits, the LTL sector faces…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Tiankuo Zhang , Paria Nourmohammadi , Sixtine Guerin , Benoit Montreuil , Alan Erera

In recent years, blockchain has gained widespread attention as an emerging technology for decentralization, transparency, and immutability in advancing online activities over public networks. As an essential market process, auctions have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Zeshun Shi , Cees de Laat , Paola Grosso , Zhiming Zhao

The Lightning Network, known for its millisecond settlement speeds and low transaction fees, offers a compelling alternative to traditional payment processors, which often have higher fees and longer processing times. This is particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Jeffy Yu

In cryptocurrencies, transaction fees are typically exclusively paid in the native platform currency. This restriction causes a wide range of challenges, such as deteriorated user experience, mandatory rent payments by decentralized…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-20 István András Seres

We introduce a decentralized mechanism for pricing and exchanging alternatives constrained by transaction costs. We characterize the time-invariant solutions of a heat equation involving a (weighted) Tarski Laplacian operator, defined for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Hans Riess , Michael Munger , Michael M. Zavlanos

Bitcoin is currently subject to a significant pay-for-speed trade-off. This is caused by lengthy and highly variable transaction confirmation times, especially during times of congestion. Users can reduce their transaction confirmation…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Rowel Gündlach , Ivo V. Stoepker , Stella Kapodistria , Jacques A. C. Resing

Congestion pricing has received lots of attention in scientific discussion. Congestion pricing means that the operator increases prices at the time of congestion and the traffic demand are expected to decrease. In a certain sense, shadow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-30 Jorma Jormakka , Sourangshu Ghosh

This paper proposes a novel framework to price energy storage in economic dispatch with a social welfare maximization objective. This framework can be utilized by power system operators to generate default bids for storage or to benchmark…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Ning Qi , Ningkun Zheng , Bolun Xu

Renewable energy has become a reality in the present and is being preferred by countries to become a considerable part of the central grid. With the increasing adoption of renewables it will soon become crucial to have a platform which…

A transaction fee mechanism (TFM) is an essential component of a blockchain protocol. However, a systematic evaluation of the real-world impact of TFMs is still absent. Using rich data from the Ethereum blockchain, the mempool, and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Yulin Liu , Yuxuan Lu , Kartik Nayak , Fan Zhang , Luyao Zhang , Yinhong Zhao

Although blockchain, the supporting technology of Bitcoin and various cryptocurrencies, has offered a potentially effective framework for numerous applications, it still suffers from the adverse affects of the impossibility triangle.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Canran Wang , Netanel Raviv

Ethereum has adopted a rollup-centric roadmap to scale by making rollups (layer 2 scaling solutions) the primary method for handling transactions. The first significant step towards this goal was EIP-4844, which introduced blob transactions…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Lioba Heimbach , Jason Milionis

Blockchain and general purpose distributed ledgers are foundational technologies which bring significant innovation in the infrastructures and other underpinnings of our socio-economic systems. These P2P technologies are able to securely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Claudio J. Tessone , Paolo Tasca , Flavio Iannelli

We develop a framework for the optimal pricing and product design of LLMs in which a provider sells menus of token budgets to users who differ in their valuations across a continuum of tasks. Under a homogeneous production technology, we…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-10 Dirk Bergemann , Alessandro Bonatti , Alex Smolin

GenAI services are in an early yet fast expanding phase. Providers compete on model capability and service quality, while the underlying infrastructure remains expensive and heterogeneous across regions, workloads, and compute assets. If…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shaohui Liu

Bitcoin blockchain faces the bitcoin scalability problem, for which bitcoin's blocks contain the transactions on the bitcoin network. The on-chain transaction processing capacity of the bitcoin network is limited by the average block…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Changting Lin , Ning Ma , Xun Wang , Zhenguang Liu , Jianhai Chen , Shouling Ji

Payment channel networks (PCNs) have emerged as a scalability solution for blockchains built on the concept of a payment channel: a setting that allows two nodes to safely transact between themselves in high frequencies based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-01 Nikolaos Papadis , Leandros Tassiulas
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