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Software Testing is a well-established area in software engineering, encompassing various techniques and methodologies to ensure the quality and reliability of software systems. However, with the advent of generative artificial intelligence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Aldeida Aleti

Benchmarks such as ARC, Raven-inspired tests, and the Blackbird Task are widely used to evaluate the intelligence of large language models (LLMs). Yet, the concept of intelligence remains elusive- lacking a stable definition and failing to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ruchira Dhar , Ninell Oldenburg , Anders Soegaard

In this report, we review the current state of methodologies to forecast the arrival of artificial general intelligence, assess their reliability, and analyze the implications for strategy and policy. We synthesize diverse forecasting…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Gopal P. Sarma , Sunny D. Bhatt , Michael Jacob , Rachel Steratore

As machine learning (ML) systems have advanced, they have acquired more power over humans' lives, and questions about what values are embedded in them have become more complex and fraught. It is conceivable that in the coming decades,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Sky Croeser , Peter Eckersley

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has apparently become one of the most important techniques discovered by humans in history while the human brain is widely recognized as one of the most complex systems in the universe. One fundamental critical…

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is closer than ever to becoming a reality, sparking widespread enthusiasm in the research community to collect and work with various modalities, including text, image, video, and audio. Despite recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Mojtaba Valipour , Kelly Zheng , James Lowman , Spencer Szabados , Mike Gartner , Bobby Braswell

The terms 'human-level artificial intelligence' and 'artificial general intelligence' are widely used to refer to the possibility of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) with potentially extreme impacts on society. These terms are poorly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ross Gruetzemacher , Jess Whittlestone

A core function of intelligence is grounding, which is the process of connecting the natural language and abstract knowledge to the internal representation of the real world in an intelligent being, e.g., a human. Human cognition is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Bing Liu

Generative AI systems have entered everyday academic, professional, and personal life with remarkable speed, yet most users encounter them as mysterious artifacts rather than intelligible systems. This chapter discusses large language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 John T. Behrens

Governing artificial intelligence (AI) inventions is a major policy concern, yet definitions and measurement remain contested. We compare four patent-based approaches reflecting distinct understandings of AI. Using US patents (1990-2019),…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-16 Kerstin Hötte , Taheya Tarannum , Vilhelm Verendel , Lauren Bennett

We survey concepts at the frontier of research connecting artificial, animal and human cognition to computation and information processing---from the Turing test to Searle's Chinese Room argument, from Integrated Information Theory to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-25 Nicolas Gauvrit , Hector Zenil , Jesper Tegnér

One of the main research areas in Artificial Intelligence is the coding of agents (programs) which are able to learn by themselves in any situation. This means that agents must be useful for purposes other than those they were created for,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-04 Javier Insa-Cabrera , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

The recent development of artificial intelligence enables a machine to achieve a human level of intelligence. Problem-solving and decision-making are two mental abilities to measure human intelligence. Many scholars have proposed different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Caesar Wu , Pascal Bouvry

Building trust in AI-based systems is deemed critical for their adoption and appropriate use. Recent research has thus attempted to evaluate how various attributes of these systems affect user trust. However, limitations regarding the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Michaela Benk , Suzanne Tolmeijer , Florian von Wangenheim , Andrea Ferrario

With widespread adoption of AI models for important decision making, ensuring reliability of such models remains an important challenge. In this paper, we present an end-to-end generic framework for testing AI Models which performs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Aniya Aggarwal , Samiulla Shaikh , Sandeep Hans , Swastik Haldar , Rema Ananthanarayanan , Diptikalyan Saha

Reading comprehension is an important ability of human intelligence. Literacy and numeracy are two most essential foundation for people to succeed at study, at work and in life. Reading comprehension ability is a core component of literacy.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Yuan Miao , Gongqi Lin , Yidan Hu , Chunyan Miao

The fundamental goal of artificial intelligence (AI) is to mimic the core cognitive activities of human. Despite tremendous success in the AI research, most of existing methods have only single-cognitive ability. To overcome this limitation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Nanyi Fei , Zhiwu Lu , Yizhao Gao , Guoxing Yang , Yuqi Huo , Jingyuan Wen , Haoyu Lu , Ruihua Song , Xin Gao , Tao Xiang , Hao Sun , Ji-Rong Wen

One of the most important aims of the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence and artificial life is the design and construction of systems and machines as versatile and as reliable as living organisms at performing high level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-24 Hector Zenil

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), possessing the capacity to comprehend, learn, and execute tasks with human cognitive abilities, engenders significant anticipation and intrigue across scientific, commercial, and societal arenas. This…

Artificial intelligence is more ubiquitous in multiple domains. Smartphones, social media platforms, search engines, and autonomous vehicles are just a few examples of applications that utilize artificial intelligence technologies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Teemu Niskanen , Tuomo Sipola , Olli Väänänen