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Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a standard approach to adapting large language models (LLMs) to new domains. In this work, we improve the statistical efficiency of SFT by selecting an informative subset of training examples. Specifically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Rohan Deb , Kiran Thekumparampil , Kousha Kalantari , Gaurush Hiranandani , Shoham Sabach , Branislav Kveton

Adapters have been positioned as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approach, whereby a minimal number of parameters are added to the model and fine-tuned. However, adapters have not been sufficiently analyzed to understand if PEFT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Nandini Mundra , Sumanth Doddapaneni , Raj Dabre , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Ratish Puduppully , Mitesh M. Khapra

Large language models can now be personalised efficiently at scale using parameter efficient finetuning methods (PEFTs), but serving user-specific PEFTs harms throughput, even with specialised kernels and memory management techniques. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Andrew Lanpouthakoun , Aryaman Arora , Zhengxuan Wu , Dhruv Pai , Ben Keigwin , Dan Jurafsky , Christopher Potts

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques such as low-rank adaptation (LoRA) can effectively adapt large pre-trained foundation models to downstream tasks using only a small fraction (0.1%-10%) of the original trainable weights. An…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Samar Khanna , Medhanie Irgau , David B. Lobell , Stefano Ermon

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has emerged as a highly successful approach, with training only a small number of parameters without sacrificing performance and becoming the de-facto learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Baohao Liao , Shaomu Tan , Christof Monz

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models, enabling the adaptation of billion-parameter networks with minimal computational and memory overhead. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bingcong Li , Yilang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Recent studies have revealed the intriguing few-shot learning ability of pretrained language models (PLMs): They can quickly adapt to a new task when fine-tuned on a small amount of labeled data formulated as prompts, without requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Yu Meng , Martin Michalski , Jiaxin Huang , Yu Zhang , Tarek Abdelzaher , Jiawei Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven highly effective in automating software engineering tasks, bridging natural language and code semantics to achieve notable results in code generation and summarization. However, their scale incurs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Md Zahidul Haque , Saima Afrin , Antonio Mastropaolo

In recent years, pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in achieving an inference-time few-shot learning capability known as in-context learning. However, existing literature has highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xinyi Wang , Wanrong Zhu , Michael Saxon , Mark Steyvers , William Yang Wang

The rapid expansion of Large Language Models (LLMs) has posed significant challenges regarding the computational resources required for fine-tuning and deployment. Recent advancements in low-rank adapters have demonstrated their efficacy in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 J. Pablo Muñoz , Jinjie Yuan , Nilesh Jain

With the surge in digital content in low-resource languages, there is an escalating demand for advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques tailored to these languages. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Pranita Deshmukh , Nikita Kulkarni , Sanhita Kulkarni , Kareena Manghani , Raviraj Joshi

While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offer computationally efficient adaptations of Large Language Models (LLMs), their practical deployment often assumes centralized data and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has risen as an innovative training strategy that updates only a select few model parameters, significantly lowering both computational and memory demands. PEFT also helps to decrease data transfer in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Shuangyi Chen , Yue Ju , Hardik Dalal , Zhongwen Zhu , Ashish Khisti

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) on web-scale datasets becomes fundamental for advancing general-purpose AI. In contrast, enhancing their predictive performance on downstream tasks typically involves adapting their knowledge…

Current parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods build adapters widely agnostic of the context of downstream task to learn, or the context of important knowledge to maintain. As a result, there is often a performance gap compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yibo Yang , Xiaojie Li , Zhongzhu Zhou , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie , Bernard Ghanem

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Adapting pre-trained foundation models for diverse downstream tasks is a core practice in artificial intelligence. However, the wide range of tasks and high computational costs make full fine-tuning impractical. To overcome this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chongjie Si , Zhiyi Shi , Xuehui Wang , Yichen Xiao , Xiaokang Yang , Wei Shen

In this work, we evaluate 10 open-source instructed LLMs on four representative code comprehension and generation tasks. We have the following main findings. First, for the zero-shot setting, instructed LLMs are very competitive on code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Zhiqiang Yuan , Junwei Liu , Qiancheng Zi , Mingwei Liu , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models in a parameter-efficient manner is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency. LoRA is one of the most widely used methods, which assumes that the optimization process is essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Changqun Li , Chaofan Ding , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques, such as adapter tuning, aim to fine-tune a pre-trained language model (PLM) using a minimal number of parameters for a specific task or profile. Although adapter tuning provides increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Namju Kwak , Taesup Kim
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