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Face swapping aims to generate swapped images that fuse the identity of source faces and the attributes of target faces. Most existing works address this challenging task through 3D modelling or generation using generative adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Kaiwen Cui , Rongliang Wu , Fangneng Zhan , Shijian Lu

Face swapping manipulations in video streams represents an increasing threat in remote video communications, due to advances in automated and real-time tools. Recent literature proposes to characterize and exploit visual artifacts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Riccardo Ziglio , Cecilia Pasquini , Silvio Ranise

Watermarking combines an imperceptible change to an input image that will trigger a detector, to assert provenance and protect intellectual property. The literature has shown great interest in attacks on watermarking schemes: attackers are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Face swapping has gained significant traction, driven by the plethora of human face synthesis facilitated by deep learning methods. However, previous face swapping methods that used generative adversarial networks (GANs) as backbones have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xinyu Yang , Hongbo Bo

Although face swapping has attracted much attention in recent years, it remains a challenging problem. Existing methods leverage a large number of data samples to explore the intrinsic properties of face swapping without considering the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Qi Li , Weining Wang , Chengzhong Xu , Zhenan Sun , Ming-Hsuan Yang

The spread of misinformation through synthetically generated yet realistic images and videos has become a significant problem, calling for robust manipulation detection methods. Despite the predominant effort of detecting face manipulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Ekraam Sabir , Jiaxin Cheng , Ayush Jaiswal , Wael AbdAlmageed , Iacopo Masi , Prem Natarajan

Watermarking plays a key role in the provenance and detection of AI-generated content. While existing methods prioritize robustness against real-world distortions (e.g., JPEG compression and noise addition), we reveal a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhongjie Ba , Yitao Zhang , Peng Cheng , Bin Gong , Xinyu Zhang , Qinglong Wang , Kui Ren

Deepfake represents a category of face-swapping attacks that leverage machine learning models such as autoencoders or generative adversarial networks. Although the concept of the face-swapping is not new, its recent technical advances make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Chaofei Yang , Lei Ding , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

The SOTA face swap models still suffer the problem of either target identity (i.e., shape) being leaked or the target non-identity attributes (i.e., background, hair) failing to be fully preserved in the final results. We show that this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Xiaohang Ren , Xingyu Chen , Pengfei Yao , Heung-Yeung Shum , Baoyuan Wang

Face swapping transfers the identity of a source face to a target face while retaining the attributes like expression, pose, hair, and background of the target face. Advanced face swapping methods have achieved attractive results. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Runqi Wang , Yang Chen , Sijie Xu , Tianyao He , Wei Zhu , Dejia Song , Nemo Chen , Xu Tang , Yao Hu

Face-swapping techniques have advanced rapidly with the evolution of deep learning, leading to widespread use and growing concerns about potential misuse, especially in cases of fraud. While many efforts have focused on detecting swapped…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhongyi Zhang , Jie Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Xinghui Zhou , Qing Guo , Weiming Zhang , Tianwei Zhang , Nenghai Yu

With the growing popularity of the Internet, digital images are used and transferred more frequently. Although this phenomenon facilitates easy access to information, it also creates security concerns and violates intellectual property…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Alireza Tavakoli , Zahra Honjani , Hedieh Sajedi

The rapid evolution of diffusion models has democratized face swapping but also raises concerns about privacy and identity security. Existing proactive defenses, often adapted from image editing attacks, prove ineffective in this context.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Liqin Wang , Qianyue Hu , Wei Lu , Xiangyang Luo

DeepFakes pose a significant threat to our society. One representative DeepFake application is face-swapping, which replaces the identity in a facial image with that of a victim. Although existing methods partially mitigate these risks by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Li Wang , Zheng Li , Xuhong Zhang , Shouling Ji , Shanqing Guo

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao

ICAO-compliant facial images, initially designed for secure biometric passports, are increasingly becoming central to identity verification in a wide range of application contexts, including border control, digital travel credentials, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jefferson David Rodriguez Chivata , Davide Ghiani , Simone Maurizio La Cava , Marco Micheletto , Giulia Orrù , Federico Lama , Gian Luca Marcialis

We consider the problem of face swapping in images, where an input identity is transformed into a target identity while preserving pose, facial expression, and lighting. To perform this mapping, we use convolutional neural networks trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Iryna Korshunova , Wenzhe Shi , Joni Dambre , Lucas Theis

With growing demand in media and social networks for personalized images, the need for advanced head-swapping techniques, integrating an entire head from the head image with the body from the body image, has increased. However, traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Taewoong Kang , Sohyun Jeong , Hyojin Jang , Jaegul Choo

Deepfakes pose significant security and privacy threats through malicious facial manipulations. While robust watermarking can aid in authenticity verification and source tracking, existing methods often lack the sufficient robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chen Sun , Haiyang Sun , Zhiqing Guo , Yunfeng Diao , Liejun Wang , Dan Ma , Gaobo Yang , Keqin Li

In this work, we present a practical approach to the problem of facial landmark detection. The proposed method can deal with large shape and appearance variations under the rich shape deformation. To handle the shape variations we equip our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Seyed Mehdi Iranmanesh , Ali Dabouei , Sobhan Soleymani , Hadi Kazemi , Nasser M. Nasrabadi