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Smishing is a social engineering attack using SMS containing malicious content to deceive individuals into disclosing sensitive information or transferring money to cybercriminals. Smishing attacks have surged by 328%, posing a major threat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Gazi Tanbhir , Md. Farhan Shahriyar , Khandker Shahed , Abdullah Md Raihan Chy , Md Al Adnan

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the domain of large language models (LLMs), has resulted in powerful and versatile dual-use systems. This intelligence can be put towards a wide variety of beneficial tasks,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Julian Hazell

We surface a new threat to closed-weight Large Language Models (LLMs) that enables an attacker to compute optimization-based prompt injections. Specifically, we characterize how an attacker can leverage the loss-like information returned…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Andrey Labunets , Nishit V. Pandya , Ashish Hooda , Xiaohan Fu , Earlence Fernandes

The increasing reliance on smartphones for communication, financial transactions, and personal data management has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, particularly smishing, a sophisticated variant of phishing conducted via SMS.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Diksha Goel , Hussain Ahmad , Ankit Kumar Jain , Nikhil Kumar Goel

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly capable, aiding in tasks such as content generation, yet they also pose risks, particularly in generating harmful spear-phishing emails. These emails, crafted to entice clicks on malicious URLs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Qinglin Qi , Yun Luo , Yijia Xu , Wenbo Guo , Yong Fang

The fast advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are driving an increasing number of applications. Together with the growing number of users, we also see an increasing number of attackers who try to outsmart these systems. They want…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Patrick Levi , Christoph P. Neumann

The way we communicate and work has changed significantly with the rise of the Internet. While it has opened up new opportunities, it has also brought about an increase in cyber threats. One common and serious threat is phishing, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Furkan Çolhak , Mert İlhan Ecevit , Bilal Emir Uçar , Reiner Creutzburg , Hasan Dağ

Phishing and spam detection is long standing challenge that has been the subject of much academic research. Large Language Models (LLM) have vast potential to transform society and provide new and innovative approaches to solve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Suhaima Jamal , Hayden Wimmer

Email phishing is one of the most prevalent and globally consequential vectors of cyber intrusion. As systems increasingly deploy Large Language Models (LLMs) applications, these systems face evolving phishing email threats that exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari , Haitao Zhao , Yihao Ren , Jinsheng Xu , Shaohu Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have established them as agentic systems capable of planning and interacting with various tools. These LLM agents are often paired with web-based tools, enabling access to diverse sources…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hanna Kim , Minkyoo Song , Seung Ho Na , Seungwon Shin , Kimin Lee

In this digital era, our lives highly depend on the internet and worldwide technology. Wide usage of technology and platforms of communication makes our lives better and easier. But on the other side it carries out some security issues and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Muhammad Shoaib Farooq , Hina jabbar

With the rapid development of large language models, the potential threat of their malicious use, particularly in generating phishing content, is becoming increasingly prevalent. Leveraging the capabilities of LLMs, malicious users can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yan Pang , Wenlong Meng , Xiaojing Liao , Tianhao Wang

Recently, we can observe a significant increase of the phishing attacks in the Internet. In a typical phishing attack, the attacker sets up a malicious website that looks similar to the legitimate website in order to obtain the end-users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zijiang Yang

Globally, individuals and organizations employ Quick Response (QR) codes for swift and convenient communication. Leveraging this, cybercriminals embed falsify and misleading information in QR codes to launch various phishing attacks which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhammad Wahid Akram , Keshav Sood , Muneeb Ul Hassan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained prominence in various applications, including security. This paper explores the utility of LLMs in scam detection, a critical aspect of cybersecurity. Unlike traditional applications, we propose a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Liming Jiang

The proliferation of phishing sites and emails poses significant challenges to existing cybersecurity efforts. Despite advances in malicious email filters and email security protocols, problems with oversight and false positives persist.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Takashi Koide , Naoki Fukushi , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

In this research, we aim to explore the potential of natural language models (NLMs) such as GPT-3 and GPT-2 to generate effective phishing emails. Phishing emails are fraudulent messages that aim to trick individuals into revealing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Rabimba Karanjai

Large language models (LLMs) have been serving as effective backbones for retrieval systems, including Retrieval-Augmentation-Generation (RAG), Dense Information Retriever (IR), and Agent Memory Retrieval. Recent studies have demonstrated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiate Li , Defu Cao , Li Li , Wei Yang , Yuehan Qin , Chenxiao Yu , Tiannuo Yang , Ryan A. Rossi , Yan Liu , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

SMS phishing, also known as "smishing", is a growing threat that tricks users into disclosing private information or clicking into URLs with malicious content through fraudulent mobile text messages. In recent past, we have also observed a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Ashfak Md Shibli , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom , Maanak Gupta

Nowadays, DeepSeek, ChatGPT, and Google Gemini are the most trending and exciting Large Language Model (LLM) technologies for reasoning, multimodal capabilities, and general linguistic performance worldwide. DeepSeek employs a…