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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven effective in integrating knowledge into large language models (LLMs). However, conventional RAGs struggle to capture complex relationships between pieces of knowledge, limiting their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Linhao Luo , Zicheng Zhao , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung , Chen Gong , Shirui Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong empirical performance in various fields, benefiting from their huge amount of parameters that store knowledge. However, LLMs still suffer from several key issues, such as hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shangyu Wu , Ying Xiong , Yufei Cui , Haolun Wu , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Lianming Huang , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has proven effective in integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs), improving their factual accuracy, adaptability, interpretability, and trustworthiness. A number of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yingli Zhou , Yaodong Su , Youran Sun , Shu Wang , Taotao Wang , Runyuan He , Yongwei Zhang , Sicong Liang , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Yixiang Fang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance across domains but remain prone to hallucinations and inconsistencies. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by augmenting model inputs with relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Akash Dhasade , Rachid Guerraoui , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Diana Petrescu , Rafael Pires , Mathis Randl , Martijn de Vos

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

As one of the most advanced techniques in AI, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can offer reliable and up-to-date external knowledge, providing huge convenience for numerous tasks. Particularly in the era of AI-Generated Content (AIGC),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Wenqi Fan , Yujuan Ding , Liangbo Ning , Shijie Wang , Hengyun Li , Dawei Yin , Tat-Seng Chua , Qing Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates non-parametric knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs), typically from unstructured texts and structured graphs. While recent progress has advanced text-based RAG to multi-turn reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yucan Guo , Miao Su , Saiping Guan , Zihao Sun , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Knowing that the generative capabilities of large language models (LLM) are sometimes hampered by tendencies to hallucinate or create non-factual responses, researchers have increasingly focused on methods to ground generated outputs in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sonal Prabhune , Donald J. Berndt

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an emerging approach in natural language processing that combines large language models (LLMs) with external document retrieval to produce more accurate and grounded responses. While RAG has shown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Atousa Arzanipour , Rouzbeh Behnia , Reza Ebrahimi , Kaushik Dutta

Given the growing trend of many organizations integrating Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) into their operations, we assess RAG on domain-specific data and test state-of-the-art models across various optimization techniques. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Anum Afzal , Juraj Vladika , Gentrit Fazlija , Andrei Staradubets , Florian Matthes

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant information from external sources and has been widely adopted for text-based tasks. For structured data, such as knowledge graphs, Graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haoyu Han , Li Ma , Yu Wang , Harry Shomer , Yongjia Lei , Zhisheng Qi , Kai Guo , Zhigang Hua , Bo Long , Hui Liu , Charu C. Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

This paper introduces \textit{Federated Retrieval-Augmented Generation (FRAG)}, a novel database management paradigm tailored for the growing needs of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, which are increasingly powered by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Dongfang Zhao

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Recently, the personalization of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate content that aligns with individual user preferences has garnered widespread attention. Personalized Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which retrieves relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Teng Shi , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Han Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained wide attention as the key component to improve generative models with external knowledge augmentation from information retrieval. It has shown great prominence in enhancing the functionality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zihan Wang , Xuri Ge , Joemon M. Jose , Haitao Yu , Weizhi Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Xin Xin

Federated search systems aggregate results from multiple search engines, selecting appropriate sources to enhance result quality and align with user intent. With the increasing uptake of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Shuai Wang , Ekaterina Khramtsova , Shengyao Zhuang , Guido Zuccon

Recent advances in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have revolutionized knowledge-intensive tasks, yet traditional RAG methods struggle when the search space is unknown or when documents are semi-structured or structured. We introduce a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Manie Tadayon , Mayank Gupta

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding generation in external knowledge to improve factuality and reduce hallucinations. Yet most deployments assume a centralized corpus, which is infeasible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Zhilin Liang , Yuxiang Wang , Zimu Zhou , Hainan Zhang , Boyi Liu , Yongxin Tong

This paper presents an experience report on the development of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using PDF documents as the primary data source. The RAG architecture combines generative capabilities of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ayman Asad Khan , Md Toufique Hasan , Kai Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Pekka Abrahamsson

Implementing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems is inherently complex, requiring deep understanding of data, use cases, and intricate design decisions. Additionally, evaluating these systems presents significant challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Daniel Fleischer , Moshe Berchansky , Moshe Wasserblat , Peter Izsak