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Flow matching models (FMs) have revolutionized text-to-image (T2I) generation, with reinforcement learning (RL) serving as a critical post-training strategy for alignment with reward objectives. In this research, we show that current RL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fu-Yun Wang , Han Zhang , Michael Gharbi , Hongsheng Li , Taesung Park

Recent advances on instruction fine-tuning have led to the development of various prompting techniques for large language models, such as explicit reasoning steps. However, the success of techniques depends on various parameters, such as…

Diffusion models equipped with language models demonstrate excellent controllability in image generation tasks, allowing image processing to adhere to human instructions. However, the lack of diverse instruction-following data hampers the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yongsheng Yu , Ziyun Zeng , Hang Hua , Jianlong Fu , Jiebo Luo

Despite recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation, existing models often struggle to faithfully capture user intentions from short and under-specified prompts. While prior work has attempted to enhance prompts using large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mingrui Wu , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Fangkai Yang , Jianjin Zhang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Weihao Han , Hao Sun , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Qingwei Lin , Weiwei Deng , Dongmei Zhang , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Continual learning aims to refine model parameters for new tasks while retaining knowledge from previous tasks. Recently, prompt-based learning has emerged to leverage pre-trained models to be prompted to learn subsequent tasks without the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jisu Han , Jaemin Na , Wonjun Hwang

Most popular benchmarks for comparing LLMs rely on a limited set of prompt templates, which may not fully capture the LLMs' abilities and can affect the reproducibility of results on leaderboards. Many recent works empirically verify prompt…

A particularly successful class of approaches for few-shot learning combines language models with prompts -- hand-crafted task descriptions that complement data samples. However, designing prompts by hand for each task commonly requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Rami Aly , Xingjian Shi , Kaixiang Lin , Aston Zhang , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with user-specific knowledge is crucial for real-world applications, such as personal AI assistants. However, LLMs inherently lack mechanisms for prompt-driven knowledge capture. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Tolga Çöplü , Arto Bendiken , Andrii Skomorokhov , Eduard Bateiko , Stephen Cobb , Joshua J. Bouw

Despite the remarkable successes of large language models (LLMs), the underlying Transformer architecture has inherent limitations in handling complex reasoning tasks. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a practical workaround,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xiang Zhang , Juntai Cao , Jiaqi Wei , Chenyu You , Dujian Ding

Pixel-wise annotations are notoriously labourious and costly to obtain in the medical domain. To mitigate this burden, weakly supervised approaches based on bounding box annotations-much easier to acquire-offer a practical alternative.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Mélanie Gaillochet , Mehrdad Noori , Sahar Dastani , Christian Desrosiers , Hervé Lombaert

Agentic workflows, where multiple AI agents collaborate to accomplish complex tasks like reasoning or planning, play a substantial role in many cutting-edge commercial applications, and continue to fascinate researchers across fields for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Deepak Pandita , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Ankit Parag Shah , Isabelle Diana May-Xin Ng , Christopher M. Homan , Wei Wei

Text-to-image generation models can create high-quality images from input prompts. However, they struggle to support the consistent generation of identity-preserving requirements for storytelling. Existing approaches to this problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Tao Liu , Kai Wang , Senmao Li , Joost van de Weijer , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Shiqi Yang , Yaxing Wang , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng

Highly effective, task-specific prompts are often heavily engineered by experts to integrate detailed instructions and domain insights based on a deep understanding of both instincts of large language models (LLMs) and the intricacies of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Xinyuan Wang , Chenxi Li , Zhen Wang , Fan Bai , Haotian Luo , Jiayou Zhang , Nebojsa Jojic , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

Contrastively trained text-image models have the remarkable ability to perform zero-shot classification, that is, classifying previously unseen images into categories that the model has never been explicitly trained to identify. However,…

Prompt engineering is a challenging yet crucial task for optimizing the performance of large language models on customized tasks. It requires complex reasoning to examine the model's errors, hypothesize what is missing or misleading in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Qinyuan Ye , Maxamed Axmed , Reid Pryzant , Fereshte Khani

Many recent prompting strategies for large language models (LLMs) query the model multiple times sequentially -- first to produce intermediate results and then the final answer. However, using these methods, both decoder and model are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Luca Beurer-Kellner , Mark Niklas Müller , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in software engineering tasks. However, improving their accuracy in generating correct and reliable code remains challenging. Numerous prompt engineering techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Chung-Yu Wang , Alireza DaghighFarsoodeh , Hung Viet Pham

We present a framework for optimizing prompts in vision-language models to elicit multimodal reasoning without model retraining. Using an evolutionary algorithm to guide prompt updates downstream of visual tasks, our approach improves upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Sid Bharthulwar , John Rho , Katrina Brown

Recently, prompt tuning methods for pre-trained models have demonstrated promising performance in Class Incremental Learning (CIL). These methods typically involve learning task-specific prompts and predicting the task ID to select the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Qiwei Li , Jiahuan Zhou

Prompts are the interface for eliciting the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Understanding their structure and components is critical for analyzing LLM behavior and optimizing performance. However, the field lacks a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sullam Jeoung , Yueyan Chen , Yi Zhang , Shuai Wang , Haibo Ding , Lin Lee Cheong