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This paper introduces prompted software engineering (PSE), which integrates prompt engineering to build effective prompts for language-based AI models, to enhance the software development process. PSE enables the use of AI models in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Dae-Kyoo Kim

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

Effective prompt engineering is critical to realizing the promised productivity gains of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. Yet, many users struggle to craft prompts that yield high-quality outputs, limiting the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Niklas Gutheil , Valentin Mayer , Leopold Müller , Jörg Rommelt , Niklas Kühl

We present a dynamic model selection approach for resource-constrained prediction. Given an input instance at test-time, a gating function identifies a prediction model for the input among a collection of models. Our objective is to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-26 Feng Nan , Venkatesh Saligrama

Language models can be prompted to perform a wide variety of zero- and few-shot learning problems. However, performance varies significantly with the choice of prompt, and we do not yet understand why this happens or how to pick the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Hila Gonen , Srini Iyer , Terra Blevins , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

Despite the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) across a range of tasks, mathematical reasoning remains a challenging frontier. Motivated by the observation that humans learn more effectively when prompted not what to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Maria-Eleni Zoumpoulidi , Georgios Paraskevopoulos , Alexandros Potamianos

The use of large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots, such as ChatGPT, has become popular across various domains, supporting a range of tasks and processes. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of LLMs, effective prompting is more…

While the numerous parameters in Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute to their superior performance, this massive scale makes them inefficient and memory-hungry. Thus, they are hard to deploy on commodity hardware, such as one single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zhaozhuo Xu , Zirui Liu , Beidi Chen , Yuxin Tang , Jue Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Anshumali Shrivastava

Prompt tuning has become a new paradigm for model tuning and it has demonstrated success in natural language pretraining and even vision pretraining. In this work, we explore the transfer of prompt tuning to multimodal pretraining, with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Hao Yang , Junyang Lin , An Yang , Peng Wang , Chang Zhou , Hongxia Yang

We are witnessing a novel era of creativity where anyone can create digital content via prompt-based learning (known as prompt engineering). This paper investigates prompt engineering as a novel creative skill for creating AI art with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jonas Oppenlaender , Rhema Linder , Johanna Silvennoinen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are set to transform how machines process and generate human-like responses by integrating diverse modalities such as text, images, and code. Yet, effectively harnessing their capabilities hinges on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Anwesha Mohanty , Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Arsalan Shahid

Medical vision-language models (Med-VLMs) trained on large datasets of medical image-text pairs and later fine-tuned for specific tasks have emerged as a mainstream paradigm in medical image analysis. However, recent studies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Noor Hussein , Fahad Shamshad , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar

Despite the rapid evolution and increasing efficacy of language and vision generative models, there remains a lack of comprehensive datasets that bridge the gap between personalized fashion needs and AI-driven design, limiting the potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Georgia Argyrou , Angeliki Dimitriou , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Giorgos Stamou

Multi-prompt learning methods have emerged as an effective approach for facilitating the rapid adaptation of vision-language models to downstream tasks with limited resources. Existing multi-prompt learning methods primarily focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Fei Song , Yi Li , Jiangmeng Li , Rui Wang , Changwen Zheng , Fanjiang Xu , Hui Xiong

Prompt engineering is an essential technique for enhancing the abilities of large language models (LLMs) by providing explicit and specific instructions. It enables LLMs to excel in various tasks, such as arithmetic reasoning, question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fobo Shi , Peijun Qing , Dong Yang , Nan Wang , Youbo Lei , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin , Duantengchuan Li

We propose a novel prompt design paradigm that challenges conventional wisdom in large language model (LLM) prompting. While conventional wisdom prioritizes well-crafted instructions and demonstrations for in-context learning (ICL), we show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jianyu Wang , Zhiqiang Hu , Lidong Bing

The expansion of generative AI and LLM services underscores the growing need for adaptive mechanisms to select an appropriate available model to respond to a user's prompts. Recent works have proposed offline and online learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Donya Jafari , Farzan Farnia

Traditional ML models utilize controlled approximations during high loads, employing faster, but less accurate models in a process called accuracy scaling. However, this method is less effective for generative text-to-image models due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Shubham Agarwal , Saud Iqbal , Subrata Mitra

Large language models have demonstrated surprising ability to perform in-context learning, i.e., these models can be directly applied to solve numerous downstream tasks by conditioning on a prompt constructed by a few input-output examples.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Huan Ma , Changqing Zhang , Yatao Bian , Lemao Liu , Zhirui Zhang , Peilin Zhao , Shu Zhang , Huazhu Fu , Qinghua Hu , Bingzhe Wu

Effective prompting of generative AI is challenging for many users, particularly in expressing context for comprehension tasks such as explaining spreadsheet formulas, Python code, and text passages. Prompt middleware aims to address this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ian Drosos , Jack Williams , Advait Sarkar , Nicholas Wilson