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We explore fairness from a statistical perspective by selectively utilizing either conditional distance covariance or distance covariance statistics as measures to assess the independence between predictions and sensitive attributes. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ruifan Huang , Haixia Liu

Common fairness definitions in machine learning focus on balancing notions of disparity and utility. In this work, we study fairness in the context of risk disparity among sub-populations. We are interested in learning models that minimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Natalia Martinez , Martin Bertran , Guillermo Sapiro

A recent trend of fair machine learning is to define fairness as causality-based notions which concern the causal connection between protected attributes and decisions. However, one common challenge of all causality-based fairness notions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Yongkai Wu , Lu Zhang , Xintao Wu , Hanghang Tong

Fairness-aware learning involves designing algorithms that do not discriminate with respect to some sensitive feature (e.g., race or gender). Existing work on the problem operates under the assumption that the sensitive feature available in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Alexandre Louis Lamy , Ziyuan Zhong , Aditya Krishna Menon , Nakul Verma

Fairness for machine learning predictions is widely required in practice for legal, ethical, and societal reasons. Existing work typically focuses on settings without unobserved confounding, even though unobserved confounding can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Maresa Schröder , Dennis Frauen , Stefan Feuerriegel

We study fairness in classification, where individuals are classified, e.g., admitted to a university, and the goal is to prevent discrimination against individuals based on their membership in some group, while maintaining utility for the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-30 Cynthia Dwork , Moritz Hardt , Toniann Pitassi , Omer Reingold , Rich Zemel

Automated data-driven decision making systems are increasingly being used to assist, or even replace humans in many settings. These systems function by learning from historical decisions, often taken by humans. In order to maximize the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-10 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Isabel Valera , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez , Krishna P. Gummadi

Decision-support systems are information systems that offer support to people's decisions in various applications such as judiciary, real-estate and banking sectors. Lately, these support systems have been found to be discriminatory in the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Mukund Telukunta , Venkata Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla

Fairness in machine learning (ML) has garnered significant attention in recent years. While existing research has predominantly focused on the distributive fairness of ML models, there has been limited exploration of procedural fairness.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ziming Wang , Changwu Huang , Ke Tang , Xin Yao

In machine learning (ML) applications, unfairness is triggered due to bias in the data, the data curation process, erroneous assumptions, and implicit bias rendered during the development process. It is also well-accepted by researchers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Anoop Mishra , Deepak Khazanchi

The demographic disparity of biometric systems has led to serious concerns regarding their societal impact as well as applicability of such systems in private and public domains. A quantitative evaluation of demographic fairness is an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ketan Kotwal , Sebastien Marcel

Fairness in machine learning is crucial when individuals are subject to automated decisions made by models in high-stake domains. Organizations that employ these models may also need to satisfy regulations that promote responsible and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Shubham Sharma , Alan H. Gee , David Paydarfar , Joydeep Ghosh

Algorithmic decision systems are increasingly used in areas such as hiring, school admission, or loan approval. Typically, these systems rely on labeled data for training a classification model. However, in many scenarios, ground-truth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Jakob Schoeffer , Niklas Kuehl , Isabel Valera

Machine learning models have achieved widespread success but often inherit and amplify historical biases, resulting in unfair outcomes. Traditional fairness methods typically impose constraints at the prediction level, without addressing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enze Shi , Pankaj Bhagwat , Zhixian Yang , Linglong Kong , Bei Jiang

Fairness and interpretability play an important role in the adoption of decision-making algorithms across many application domains. These requirements are intended to avoid undesirable group differences and to alleviate concerns related to…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-16 Nora Bearth , Michael Lechner , Jana Mareckova , Fabian Muny

Group fairness metrics are an established way of assessing the fairness of prediction-based decision-making systems. However, these metrics are still insufficiently linked to philosophical theories, and their moral meaning is often unclear.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Joachim Baumann , Corinna Hertweck , Michele Loi , Christoph Heitz

Algorithms and models are increasingly deployed to inform decisions about people, inevitably affecting their lives. As a consequence, those in charge of developing these models must carefully evaluate their impact on different groups of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Alessandro Fabris , Andrea Esuli , Alejandro Moreo , Fabrizio Sebastiani

The pipeline of a fair ML practitioner is generally divided into three phases: 1) Selecting a fairness measure. 2) Choosing a model that minimizes this measure. 3) Maximizing the model's performance on the data. In the context of group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Marco Favier , Toon Calders

Investigating fairness and equity of automated systems has become a critical field of inquiry. Most of the literature in fair machine learning focuses on defining and achieving fairness criteria in the context of prediction, while not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Drago Plecko , Elias Bareinboim

With AI systems widely applied to assist humans in decision-making processes such as talent hiring, school admission, and loan approval; there is an increasing need to ensure that the decisions made are fair. One major challenge for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhe Yu , Xiaoyin Xi , Pranam Prakash Shetty