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Related papers: Personalized Safety in LLMs: A Benchmark and A Pla…

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Embodied agents powered by large language models (LLMs) inherit advanced planning capabilities; however, their direct interaction with the physical world exposes them to safety vulnerabilities. In this work, we identify four key reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ruolin Chen , Yinqian Sun , Jihang Wang , Mingyang Lv , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

With the rapid development of Large language models (LLMs), understanding the capabilities of LLMs in identifying unsafe content has become increasingly important. While previous works have introduced several benchmarks to evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hengxiang Zhang , Hongfu Gao , Qiang Hu , Guanhua Chen , Lili Yang , Bingyi Jing , Hongxin Wei , Bing Wang , Haifeng Bai , Lei Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as scalable tools for mental health counseling, yet evaluating their safety remains challenging due to the interactional and context-dependent nature of clinical harm. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Suhyun Lee , Palakorn Achananuparp , Neemesh Yadav , Ee-Peng Lim , Yang Deng

Recent advances in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have enabled large language models (LLMs) to ground outputs in clinical evidence. However, connecting LLMs with external databases introduces the risk of contextual leakage: a subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shaowei Guan , Yu Zhai , Hin Chi Kwok , Jiawei Du , Xinyu Feng , Jing Li , Harry Qin , Vivian Hui

When Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed in Chinese-language settings, a troubling pattern emerges: safety systems that work well in English break down. These systems struggle to cross linguistic and cultural bound-aries, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wajdi Zaghouani , Kholoud K. Aldous , Yicheng Gao

Sensitising language models (LMs) to external context helps them to more effectively capture the speaking patterns of individuals with specific characteristics or in particular environments. This work investigates to what extent rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Sebastian Vincent , Alice Dowek , Rowanne Sumner , Charlotte Blundell , Emily Preston , Chris Bayliss , Chris Oakley , Carolina Scarton

The acquisition of agentic capabilities has transformed LLMs from "knowledge providers" to "action executors", a trend that while expanding LLMs' capability boundaries, significantly increases their susceptibility to malicious use. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jinchuan Zhang , Lu Yin , Yan Zhou , Songlin Hu

Predicting crash events is crucial for understanding crash distributions and their contributing factors, thereby enabling the design of proactive traffic safety policy interventions. However, existing methods struggle to interpret the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yang Zhao , Pu Wang , Yibo Zhao , Hongru Du , Hao Frank Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across many applications, but their ability to generate harmful content raises serious safety concerns. Although safety alignment techniques are often applied during pre-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Chengcan Wu , Zhixin Zhang , Zeming Wei , Yihao Zhang , Xiaokun Luan , Meng Sun

Personalized mobile agents that infer user preferences and calibrate proactive assistance hold great promise as everyday digital assistants, yet existing benchmarks fail to capture what this requires. Prior work evaluates preference…

Language models (LMs) rely on their parametric knowledge augmented with relevant contextual knowledge for certain tasks, such as question answering. However, the contextual knowledge can contain private information that may be leaked when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 James Flemings , Bo Jiang , Wanrong Zhang , Zafar Takhirov , Murali Annavaram

As large language models (LLMs) are deployed in multilingual settings, their safety behavior in culturally diverse, low-resource languages remains poorly understood. We present the first systematic evaluation of LLM safety across 12 Indic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Priyaranjan Pattnayak , Sanchari Chowdhuri

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable advancements in natural language processing. These models are trained on vast datasets to exhibit powerful language understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Ming Ding , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Vision-language models (VLMs) aligned with general human objectives, such as being harmless and hallucination-free, have become valuable assistants of humans in managing visual tasks. However, people with diversified backgrounds have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yongqi Li , Shen Zhou , Xiaohu Li , Xin Miao , Jintao Wen , Mayi Xu , Jianhao Chen , Birong Pan , Hankun Kang , Yuanyuan Zhu , Ming Zhong , Tieyun Qian

As large language models (LLMs) develop increasingly sophisticated capabilities and find applications in medical settings, it becomes important to assess their medical safety due to their far-reaching implications for personal and public…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tessa Han , Aounon Kumar , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Recent advancements in generative large language models (LLMs) have enabled wider applicability, accessibility, and flexibility. However, their reliability and trustworthiness are still in doubt, especially for concerns regarding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Haoran Li , Wenbin Hu , Huihao Jing , Yulin Chen , Qi Hu , Sirui Han , Tianshu Chu , Peizhao Hu , Yangqiu Song

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning and text generation. However, these models can inadvertently generate unsafe or biased responses when prompted with problematic inputs, raising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Avinash Amballa , Durga Sandeep Saluru , Gayathri Akkinapalli , Abhishek Sureddy , Akshay Kumar Sureddy

Safeguard models help large language models (LLMs) detect and block harmful content, but most evaluations remain English-centric and overlook linguistic and cultural diversity. Existing multilingual safety benchmarks often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Panuthep Tasawong , Jian Gang Ngui , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn , Peerat Limkonchotiwat

Safety lies at the core of developing and deploying large language models (LLMs). However, previous safety benchmarks only concern the safety in one language, e.g. the majority language in the pretraining data such as English. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Wenxuan Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Chang Chen , Youliang Yuan , Jen-tse Huang , Wenxiang Jiao , Michael R. Lyu
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