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Achieving optimal performance of video diffusion transformers within given data and compute budget is crucial due to their high training costs. This necessitates precisely determining the optimal model size and training hyperparameters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yuanyang Yin , Yaqi Zhao , Mingwu Zheng , Ke Lin , Jiarong Ou , Rui Chen , Victor Shea-Jay Huang , Jiahao Wang , Xin Tao , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang , Baoqun Yin , Wentao Zhang , Kun Gai

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across various visual understanding and reasoning tasks, driven by incorporating image representations into the token inputs of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kevin Y. Li , Sachin Goyal , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

Large language models have demonstrated predictable scaling behaviors with respect to model parameters and training data. This study investigates whether a similar scaling relationship exist for vision-language models with respect to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tenghui Li , Guoxu Zhou , Xuyang Zhao , Qibin Zhao

Inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful way to improve large language model (LLM) performance by generating multiple candidate responses and selecting among them. However, existing work on dynamic allocation for test-time compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Jenny Y. Huang , Mehul Damani , Yousef El-Kurdi , Ramon Astudillo , Wei Sun

Large language models have become a powerful method for feature augmentation in recommendation systems. However, existing approaches relying on quick inference often suffer from incomplete feature coverage and insufficient specificity in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Weihao Liu , Zhaocheng Du , Haiyuan Zhao , Wenbo Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhao , Gang Wang , Zhenhua Dong , Jun Xu

Video Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capability of understanding the video semantics on various downstream tasks. Despite the advancements, there is still a lack of systematic research on visual context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yifan Du , Yuqi Huo , Kun Zhou , Zijia Zhao , Haoyu Lu , Han Huang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Bingning Wang , Weipeng Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

While the scaling laws of large language models (LLMs) training have been extensively studied, optimal inference configurations of LLMs remain underexplored. We study inference scaling laws (aka test-time scaling laws) and compute-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yangzhen Wu , Zhiqing Sun , Shanda Li , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang

Recent advancements in language and vision assistants have showcased impressive capabilities but suffer from a lack of transparency, limiting broader research and reproducibility. While open-source models handle general image tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Geewook Kim , Minjoon Seo

Sampling is a basic operation in many inference-time algorithms of large language models (LLMs). To scale up inference efficiently with a limited compute, it is crucial to find an optimal allocation for sample compute budgets: Which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Kexun Zhang , Shang Zhou , Danqing Wang , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

Large language model pre-training has become increasingly expensive, with most practitioners relying on scaling laws to allocate compute budgets for model size and training tokens, commonly referred to as Compute-Optimal or Chinchilla…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhen Guo

Attention-based neural networks such as the Vision Transformer (ViT) have recently attained state-of-the-art results on many computer vision benchmarks. Scale is a primary ingredient in attaining excellent results, therefore, understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Xiaohua Zhai , Alexander Kolesnikov , Neil Houlsby , Lucas Beyer

Test-time scaling (TTS) -- the dynamic allocation of compute during inference -- is a promising direction for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic comparison of well-known TTS strategies under identical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) enable sophisticated reasoning over images and videos, yet their inference is hindered by a systemic efficiency barrier known as visual token dominance. This overhead is driven by a multi-regime…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jun Zhang , Yicheng Ji , Feiyang Ren , Yihang Li , Bowen Zeng , Zonghao Chen , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou , Gang Chen , Huan Li

Recently, it has been shown that investing computing resources in searching for good initial noise for a text-to-image diffusion model helps improve performance. However, previous studies required external models to evaluate the resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Changhyun Choi , Sungha Kim , H. Jin Kim

Large language models (LLMs) demand considerable computational, energy, and financial resources during both training and deployment. While scaling laws for training have guided much of the field's recent progress, inference costs now…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Austin R. Ellis-Mohr , Anuj K. Nayak , Lav R. Varshney

Although Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal reasoning capabilities, their scalability and deployment are constrained by massive computational requirements. In particular, the massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

One of the most striking findings in modern research on large language models (LLMs) is that scaling up compute during training leads to better results. However, less attention has been given to the benefits of scaling compute during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Sean Welleck , Amanda Bertsch , Matthew Finlayson , Hailey Schoelkopf , Alex Xie , Graham Neubig , Ilia Kulikov , Zaid Harchaoui

The inference-time resource costs of large language and vision models present a growing challenge in production deployments. We propose the use of foundation model programs, i.e., programs that can invoke foundation models with varying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Lunyiu Nie , Zhimin Ding , Kevin Yu , Marco Cheung , Chris Jermaine , Swarat Chaudhuri

Inference-time computation offers a powerful axis for scaling the performance of language models. However, naively increasing computation in techniques like Best-of-N sampling can lead to performance degradation due to reward hacking.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Audrey Huang , Adam Block , Qinghua Liu , Nan Jiang , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Dylan J. Foster

We study the empirical scaling laws of a family of encoder-decoder autoregressive transformer models on the task of joint motion forecasting and planning in the autonomous driving domain. Using a 500 thousand hours driving dataset, we…

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