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Code snippet adaptation is a fundamental activity in the software development process. Unlike code generation, code snippet adaptation is not a "free creation", which requires developers to tailor a given code snippet in order to fit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Tanghaoran Zhang , Yue Yu , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Kang Yang , Yao Lu , Zhang Zhang , Yuxin Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) excel at function calling, but inference scaling has been explored mainly for unstructured generation. We propose an inference-scaling framework for structured outputs that combines fine-grained beam search with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Jianghao Lin , Yuanyuan Shi , Xin Peng , Renjie Ding , Hairui Wang , Yuxuan Peng , Bizhe Bai , Weixi Song , Fengshuo Bai , Huacan Chai , Weinan Zhang , Fei Huang , Ying Wen

IEC 61131-3 Structured Text (ST) is a widely used programming language for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in automation systems. However, generating ST code with LLMs poses unique challenges due to limited data in public training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Aaron Haag , Bertram Fuchs , Altay Kacan , Oliver Lohse

Reasoning is a key component of language understanding in Large Language Models. While Chain-of-Thought prompting enhances performance via explicit intermediate steps, it suffers from sufficient token overhead and a fixed reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xinyuan Wang , Dongjie Wang , Wangyang Ying , Haoyue Bai , Nanxu Gong , Sixun Dong , Kunpeng Liu , Yanjie Fu

Recently, Language Models (LMs) instruction-tuned on multiple tasks, also known as multitask-prompted fine-tuning (MT), have shown the capability to generalize to unseen tasks. Previous work has shown that scaling the number of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Joel Jang , Seungone Kim , Seonghyeon Ye , Doyoung Kim , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Kyungjae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Instruction tuning is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks and commonly relies on large, diverse corpora. However, small, high-quality subsets, known as coresets, can deliver comparable or superior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Manish Nagaraj , Sakshi Choudhary , Utkarsh Saxena , Deepak Ravikumar , Kaushik Roy

Function-level code generation leverages foundation Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically produce source code with expected functionality. It has been widely investigated and applied in intelligent programming assistants, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hao Wen , Yueheng Zhu , Chao Liu , Xiaoxue Ren , Weiwei Du , Meng Yan

Assembly code analysis and comprehension play critical roles in applications like reverse engineering, yet they face substantial challenges due to low information density and a lack of explicit syntactic structures. While traditional masked…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xinyi Wang , Jiashui Wang , Jinbo Su , Ke Wang , Peng Chen , Yanming Liu , Long Liu , Xiang Li , Yangdong Wang , Qiyuan Chen , Rongze Chen , Chunfu Jia

The increased digitization of the labour market has given researchers, educators, and companies the means to analyze and better understand the labour market. However, labour market resources, although available in high volumes, tend to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Jarno Vrolijk , David Graus

The advent of large language models trained on code (code LLMs) has led to significant progress in language-to-code generation. State-of-the-art approaches in this area combine LLM decoding with sample pruning and reranking using test cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ansong Ni , Srini Iyer , Dragomir Radev , Ves Stoyanov , Wen-tau Yih , Sida I. Wang , Xi Victoria Lin

Instruction Tuning (IT), the process of training large language models (LLMs) using instruction-response pairs, has emerged as the predominant method for transforming base pre-trained LLMs into open-domain conversational agents. While IT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sreyan Ghosh , Chandra Kiran Reddy Evuru , Sonal Kumar , Ramaneswaran S , Deepali Aneja , Zeyu Jin , Ramani Duraiswami , Dinesh Manocha

Optimizing scientific software is a difficult task because codebases are often large and complex, and performance can depend upon several factors including the algorithm, its implementation, and hardware among others. Causes of poor…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Daniel Nichols , Pranav Polasam , Harshitha Menon , Aniruddha Marathe , Todd Gamblin , Abhinav Bhatele

Large Language Models (LLMs) and pre-trained Language Models (LMs) have achieved impressive success on many software engineering tasks (e.g., code completion and code generation). By leveraging huge existing code corpora (e.g., GitHub),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xin Yin , Chao Ni , Xiaodan Xu , Xinrui Li , Xiaohu Yang

Prompts for pre-trained language models (PLMs) have shown remarkable performance by bridging the gap between pre-training tasks and various downstream tasks. Among these methods, prompt tuning, which freezes PLMs and only tunes soft…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yuxian Gu , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Minlie Huang

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly prominent in the field of artificial intelligence. Visual instruction fine-tuning (IFT) is a vital process for aligning MLLMs' output with user's intentions. High-quality and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Xiaotian Han , Yiqi Wang , Bohan Zhai , Quanzeng You , Hongxia Yang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based code assistants have emerged as a powerful application of generative AI, demonstrating impressive capabilities in code generation and comprehension. A key requirement for these systems is their ability to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Itay Dreyfuss , Antonio Abu Nassar , Samuel Ackerman , Axel Ben David , Eitan Farchi , Rami Katan , Orna Raz , Marcel Zalmanovici

Large language models (LLMs) with one or more fine-tuning phases have become a necessary step to unlock various capabilities, enabling LLMs to follow natural language instructions or align with human preferences. However, it carries the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Tingfeng Hui , Zhenyu Zhang , Shuohuan Wang , Weiran Xu , Yu Sun , Hua Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized code generation but require significant resources and often over-generalize, limiting their task-specific efficiency. Fine-tuning smaller, open-source LLMs provides a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Leitian Tao , Xiang Chen , Tong Yu , Tung Mai , Ryan Rossi , Yixuan Li , Saayan Mitra

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce plausible but poorly-calibrated answers, limiting their reliability on reasoning-intensive tasks. We present Reinforcement Learning from Self-Feedback (RLSF), a post-training stage that uses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Carel van Niekerk , Renato Vukovic , Benjamin Matthias Ruppik , Hsien-chin Lin , Milica Gašić

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, where instruction tuning is the critical step in aligning LLMs with user intentions. In this work, we investigate how the instruction tuning adjusts pre-trained models with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xuansheng Wu , Wenlin Yao , Jianshu Chen , Xiaoman Pan , Xiaoyang Wang , Ninghao Liu , Dong Yu