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Instruction tuning plays a crucial role in shaping the outputs of language models (LMs) to desired styles. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective method, Instruction Modelling (IM), which trains LMs by applying a loss function to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhengyan Shi , Adam X. Yang , Bin Wu , Laurence Aitchison , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

Natural language to code generation is an important application area of LLMs and has received wide attention from the community. The majority of relevant studies have exclusively concentrated on increasing the quantity and functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Naman Jain , Tianjun Zhang , Wei-Lin Chiang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Koushik Sen , Ion Stoica

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced significantly in code generation, yet their ability to follow complex programming instructions with layered and diverse constraints remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks often prioritize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Guoliang Duan , Mingwei Liu , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng

Automatic performance tuning (auto-tuning) is essential for optimizing high-performance applications, where vast and irregular search spaces make manual exploration infeasible. While auto-tuners traditionally rely on classical approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Floris-Jan Willemsen , Niki van Stein , Ben van Werkhoven

The strong performance of large language models (LLMs) raises extensive discussion on their application to code generation. Recent research suggests continuous program refinements through visible tests to improve code generation accuracy in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Chao Lei , Yanchuan Chang , Nir Lipovetzky , Krista A. Ehinger

Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) significantly enhances the zero-shot capabilities of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs). While coding data is known to boost LLM reasoning abilities during pretraining, its role in activating internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Xinlu Zhang , Zhiyu Zoey Chen , Xi Ye , Xianjun Yang , Lichang Chen , William Yang Wang , Linda Ruth Petzold

Code large language models (LLMs) have become indispensable tools for building efficient and automated coding pipelines. Existing models are typically post-trained using reinforcement learning (RL) from general-purpose LLMs using "human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Sijie Wang , Quanjiang Guo , Kai Zhao , Yawei Zhang , Xin Li , Xiang Li , Siqi Li , Rui She , Shangshu Yu , Wee Peng Tay

Code generation and understanding are critical capabilities for large language models (LLMs). Thus, most LLMs are pretrained and fine-tuned on code data. However, these datasets typically treat code as static strings and rarely exploit the…

Instruction tuning plays a pivotal role in Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) for the task of program synthesis. Presently, two dominant paradigms for collecting tuning data are natural-instruct (human-written) and self-instruct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Xianzhen Luo , Qingfu Zhu , Zhiming Zhang , Xu Wang , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu , Wanxiang Che

Formal specifications are essential for ensuring software correctness, yet manually writing them is tedious and error-prone. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating such specifications from natural language intents,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Gehao Zhang , Zhenting Wang , Juan Zhai

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Efficiently fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for specific tasks presents a considerable challenge in natural language processing. Traditional methods, like prompt or prefix tuning, typically rely on arbitrary tokens for training,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Md. Kowsher , Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj , Asif Mahmud , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

Despite exceptional capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still face deployment challenges due to their enormous size. Post-training structured pruning is a promising solution that prunes LLMs without the need for retraining, reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Weizhong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Xiawu Zheng , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Recently, decomposing complex problems into simple subtasks--a crucial part of human-like natural planning--to solve the given problem has significantly boosted the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, leveraging such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mihir Parmar , Palash Goyal , Xin Liu , Yiwen Song , Mingyang Ling , Chitta Baral , Hamid Palangi , Tomas Pfister

Code generation with large language models often relies on multi-stage human-in-the-loop refinement, which is effective but very costly - particularly in domains such as frontend web development where the solution quality depends on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hannah Sansford , Derek H. C. Law , Wei Liu , Abhishek Tripathi , Niresh Agarwal , Gerrit J. J. van den Burg

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation, they often produce solutions that lack guarantees of correctness, robustness, and efficiency. This limitation is particularly acute in domains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yueke Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Kevin Leach , Yu Huang

Large language models (LLMs) acquire extensive prior knowledge through large-scale pretraining and can be further enhanced via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training. A growing body of evidence has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Honglin Zhang , Qianyue Hao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to generate codes on competitive programming tasks. However, with limited sample numbers, LLMs still suffer from poor accuracy. Inspired by the process of human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Kechi Zhang , Zhuo Li , Jia Li , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

The code generation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced applications like tool invocation and problem-solving. However, improving performance in code-related tasks remains challenging due to limited training data that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Houxing Ren , Zimu Lu , Weikang Shi , Haotian Hou , Yunqiao Yang , Ke Wang , Aojun Zhou , Junting Pan , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

As IC design grows more complex, automating comprehension and documentation of RTL code has become increasingly important. Engineers currently should manually interpret existing RTL code and write specifications, a slow and error-prone…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hung-Ming Huang , Yu-Hsin Yang , Fu-Chieh Chang , Yun-Chia Hsu , Yin-Yu Lin , Ming-Fang Tsai , Chun-Chih Yang , Pei-Yuan Wu