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Generalizing from a single labeled source domain to unseen target domains, without access to any target data during training, remains a fundamental challenge in robust machine learning. We address this underexplored setting, known as Single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Marzi Heidari , Hanping Zhang , Hao Yan , Yuhong Guo

Machine learning models typically suffer from the domain shift problem when trained on a source dataset and evaluated on a target dataset of different distribution. To overcome this problem, domain generalisation (DG) methods aim to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Kaiyang Zhou , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales , Tao Xiang

Prompt learning is an effective way to exploit the potential of large-scale pre-trained foundational models. Continuous prompts parameterize context tokens in prompts by turning them into differentiable vectors. Deep continuous prompts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks. However, traditional fine-tuning methods for leveraging PLMs for downstream tasks entail significant computational overhead. Prompt-tuning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ali Shakeri , Wei Emma Zhang , Amin Beheshti , Weitong Chen , Jian Yang , Lishan Yang

This paper focuses on domain generalization (DG), the task of learning from multiple source domains a model that generalizes well to unseen domains. A main challenge for DG is that the available source domains often exhibit limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Kaiyang Zhou , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales , Tao Xiang

Prompt learning as a parameter-efficient method that has been widely adopted to adapt Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. While hard-prompt design requires domain expertise and iterative optimization, soft-prompt methods rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zherui Zhang , Jiaxin Wu , Changwei Wang , Rongtao Xu , Longzhao Huang , Wenhao Xu , Wenbo Xu , Li Guo , Shibiao Xu

Domain generalization (DG) is the challenging and topical problem of learning models that generalize to novel testing domains with different statistics than a set of known training domains. The simple approach of aggregating data from all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Da Li , Jianshu Zhang , Yongxin Yang , Cong Liu , Yi-Zhe Song , Timothy M. Hospedales

Domain generalization (DG) deals with the problem of domain shift where a machine learning model trained on multiple-source domains fail to generalize well on a target domain with different statistics. Multiple approaches have been proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Prashant Pandey , Mrigank Raman , Sumanth Varambally , Prathosh AP

Domain Generalization (DG) aims to train models that can generalize to unseen testing domains by leveraging data from multiple training domains. However, traditional DG methods rely on the availability of multiple diverse training domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hao Yan , Marzi Heidari , Yuhong Guo

Domain Generalization (DG) seeks to develop a versatile model capable of performing effectively on unseen target domains. Notably, recent advances in pre-trained Visual Foundation Models (VFMs), such as CLIP, have demonstrated considerable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 De Cheng , Zhipeng Xu , Xinyang Jiang , Dongsheng Li , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

Dynamic graphs are ubiquitous in real-world systems, and building generalizable dynamic Graph Foundation Models has become a frontier in graph learning. However, dynamic graphs from different domains pose fundamental challenges to unified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Haonan Yuan , Qingyun Sun , Junhua Shi , Xingcheng Fu , Jianxin Li , Philip S. Yu

Face anti-spoofing approaches based on domain generalization (DG) have drawn growing attention due to their robustness for unseen scenarios. Previous methods treat each sample from multiple domains indiscriminately during the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Shubao Liu , Ke-Yue Zhang , Taiping Yao , Kekai Sheng , Shouhong Ding , Ying Tai , Jilin Li , Yuan Xie , Lizhuang Ma

Domain generalization (DG) aims to learn a robust model from source domains that generalize well on unseen target domains. Recent studies focus on generating novel domain samples or features to diversify distributions complementary to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Chenming Li , Daoan Zhang , Wenjian Huang , Jianguo Zhang

For image generation with diffusion models (DMs), a negative prompt n can be used to complement the text prompt p, helping define properties not desired in the synthesized image. While this improves prompt adherence and image quality,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Alakh Desai , Nuno Vasconcelos

Deep neural networks suffer from significant performance deterioration when there exists distribution shift between deployment and training. Domain Generalization (DG) aims to safely transfer a model to unseen target domains by only relying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Xin Zhang , Ying-Cong Chen

Deep networks trained on the source domain show degraded performance when tested on unseen target domain data. To enhance the model's generalization ability, most existing domain generalization methods learn domain invariant features by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Liwei Yang , Xiang Gu , Jian Sun

Domain generalization (DG) aims to generalize a model trained on multiple source (i.e., training) domains to a distributionally different target (i.e., test) domain. In contrast to the conventional DG that strictly requires the availability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Zijian Wang , Yadan Luo , Ruihong Qiu , Zi Huang , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh

Domain generalization (DG) attempts to generalize a model trained on single or multiple source domains to the unseen target domain. Benefiting from the success of Visual-and-Language Pre-trained models in recent years, we argue that it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Geng Liu , Yuxi Wang

Domain generalization (DG) task aims to learn a robust model from source domains that could handle the out-of-distribution (OOD) issue. In order to improve the generalization ability of the model in unseen domains, increasing the diversity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Shanshan Wang , ALuSi , Xun Yang , Ke Xu , Huibin Tan , Xingyi Zhang

With the emergence of large pre-trained vison-language model like CLIP, transferable representations can be adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks via prompt tuning. Prompt tuning tries to probe the beneficial information for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Yinghui Xing , Qirui Wu , De Cheng , Shizhou Zhang , Guoqiang Liang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang