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Recent work has proposed a methodology for the systematic evaluation of "Situated Language Understanding Agents"-agents that operate in rich linguistic and non-linguistic contexts-through testing them in carefully constructed interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Kranti Chalamalasetti , Jana Götze , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

Multi-agent large language models (MA-LLMs) are a rapidly growing research area that leverages multiple interacting language agents to tackle complex tasks, outperforming single-agent large language models. This literature review…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Arne Tillmann

Today's AI models learn primarily through mimicry and refining, so it is not surprising that they struggle to solve problems beyond the limits set by existing data. To solve novel problems, agents should acquire skills for exploring and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Raj Ghugare , Roger Creus Castanyer , Catherine Ji , Kathryn Wantlin , Jin Schofield , Karthik Narasimhan , Benjamin Eysenbach

As reinforcement learning continues to scale the training of large language model-based agents, reliably verifying agent behaviors in complex environments has become increasingly challenging. Existing approaches rely on rule-based verifiers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wentao Shi , Yu Wang , Yuyang Zhao , Yuxin Chen , Fuli Feng , Xueyuan Hao , Xi Su , Qi Gu , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai , Xiangnan He

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed for complex, tool-based tasks where long-term memory is critical to driving actions. Existing benchmarks, however, primarily test a angent's ability to passively retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yiting Shen , Kun Li , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

LLM-based agents are increasingly expected to handle real-world assistant tasks, yet existing benchmarks typically evaluate them under isolated sources of difficulty, such as a single environment or fully specified instructions. This leaves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xiang Long , Li Du , Yilong Xu , Fangcheng Liu , Haoqing Wang , Ning Ding , Ziheng Li , Jianyuan Guo , Yehui Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process underlying inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities in closed-world settings, they struggle in open-ended and…

Fulfilling user needs through Large Language Model multi-turn, multi-step tool-use is rarely a straightforward process. Real user interactions are inherently wild, being intricate, messy, and flexible. We identify three key challenges from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peijie Yu , Wei Liu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly serve as personal assistants and workplace collaborators, where their utility depends on memory systems that extract, retrieve, and apply information across long-running conversations. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingbo Yang , Kwei-Herng Lai , Xiaowen Wang , Shiyu Chang , Yaar Harari , Evgeniy Gabrilovich

The advances made by Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the pursuit of LLM agents that can solve intricate, multi-step reasoning tasks. As with any research pursuit, benchmarking and evaluation are key corner stones to efficient and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Luca Gioacchini , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Kiril Gashteovski , David Friede , Roberto Bifulco , Carolin Lawrence

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on existing medical question-answering benchmarks. This high performance makes it increasingly difficult to meaningfully evaluate and differentiate advanced methods. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Xiangru Tang , Daniel Shao , Jiwoong Sohn , Jiapeng Chen , Jiayi Zhang , Jinyu Xiang , Fang Wu , Yilun Zhao , Chenglin Wu , Wenqi Shi , Arman Cohan , Mark Gerstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agent systems have made great strides in real-world applications beyond traditional NLP tasks. This paper proposes a new LLM-based Multi-Agent System (LLM-MAS) benchmark, Collab-Overcooked, built on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haochen Sun , Shuwen Zhang , Lujie Niu , Lei Ren , Hao Xu , Hao Fu , Fangkun Zhao , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has transformed conversational agents, enabling complex human-machine interactions. However, evaluation frameworks often focus on single tasks, failing to capture the dynamic nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Pietro Alessandro Aluffi , Patrick Zietkiewicz , Marya Bazzi , Matt Arderne , Vladimirs Murevics

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced the development of various AI conversational agents, including role-playing conversational agents that mimic diverse characters and human behaviors. While prior research has predominantly focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Hongzhan Chen , Hehong Chen , Ming Yan , Wenshen Xu , Xing Gao , Weizhou Shen , Xiaojun Quan , Chenliang Li , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Evaluation insights are limited by the availability of high-quality benchmarks. As models evolve, there is a need to create benchmarks that can measure progress on new and complex generative capabilities. However, manually creating new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Natasha Butt , Varun Chandrasekaran , Neel Joshi , Besmira Nushi , Vidhisha Balachandran

With the remarkable advancements of large language models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have become a research hotspot in human-computer interaction. However, there is a scarcity of benchmarks available for LLM-based mobile agents. Benchmarking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shihan Deng , Weikai Xu , Hongda Sun , Wei Liu , Tao Tan , Jianfeng Liu , Ang Li , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Rui Yan , Shuo Shang

Recently, large language model (LLM)-based agents have achieved significant success in interactive environments, attracting significant academic and industrial attention. Despite these advancements, current research predominantly focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Peng Wang , Ruihan Tao , Qiguang Chen , Mengkang Hu , Libo Qin

Autonomous language-model agents are increasingly evaluated on long-horizon tool-use tasks, but existing benchmarks rarely capture the complexity and nuance of real scientific work. To address this gap, we introduce Collider-Bench, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Darius A. Faroughy , Sofia Palacios Schweitzer , Ian Pang , Siddharth Mishra-Sharma , David Shih