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Despite the promising results of machine learning models in malicious files detection, they face the problem of concept drift due to their constant evolution. This leads to declining performance over time, as the data distribution of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-02 William Maillet , Benjamin Marais

Machine Learning (ML)-based detectors are becoming essential to counter the proliferation of malware. However, common ML algorithms are not designed to cope with the dynamic nature of real-world settings, where both legitimate and malicious…

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful approach for malware detection, demonstrating impressive accuracy across various data representations. However, these models face critical limitations in real-world, non-stationary environments where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Pawan Acharya , Lan Zhang

In user targeting automation systems, concept drift in input data is one of the main challenges. It deteriorates model performance on new data over time. Previous research on concept drift mostly proposed model retraining after observing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Jing Pan , Vincent Pham , Mohan Dorairaj , Huigang Chen , Jeong-Yoon Lee

Malware is a major threat to computer systems and imposes many challenges to cyber security. Targeted threats, such as ransomware, cause millions of dollars in losses every year. The constant increase of malware infections has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Fabrício Ceschin , Marcus Botacin , Heitor Murilo Gomes , Felipe Pinagé , Luiz S. Oliveira , André Grégio

Many methods have been proposed to detect concept drift, i.e., the change in the distribution of streaming data, due to concept drift causes a decrease in the prediction accuracy of algorithms. However, the most of current detection methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Hang Yu , Tianyu Liu , Jie Lu , Guangquan Zhang

We present a longitudinal, drift-aware evaluation of adversarial robustness across more than a decade of Android applications using static and dynamic feature representations extracted from emulator and real-device executions. The dataset…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ahmed Sabbah , Mohammed Kharma , Radi Jarrar , Samer Zein , David Mohaisen

Deploying robust machine learning models has to account for concept drifts arising due to the dynamically changing and non-stationary nature of data. Addressing drifts is particularly imperative in the security domain due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Aditya Kuppa , Nhien-An Le-Khac

Machine learning based malware detectors become obsolete over time due to concept drift in benign and malware applications. Recent methods rely on fully labeled data and use hierarchical contrastive loss (HCL) with active learning to…

It is well-known that malware constantly evolves so as to evade detection and this causes the entire malware population to be non-stationary. Contrary to this fact, prior works on machine learning based Android malware detection have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Annamalai Narayanan , Liu Yang , Lihui Chen , Liu Jinliang

Machine-learning models have been recently used for detecting malicious Android applications, reporting impressive performances on benchmark datasets, even when trained only on features statically extracted from the application, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Marco Melis , Davide Maiorca , Battista Biggio , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

In recent years we have witnessed an increase in cyber threats and malicious software attacks on different platforms with important consequences to persons and businesses. It has become critical to find automated machine learning techniques…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Abir Rahali , Moulay A. Akhloufi

As technology advances, Android malware continues to pose significant threats to devices and sensitive data. The open-source nature of the Android OS and the availability of its SDK contribute to this rapid growth. Traditional malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Saleh J. Makkawy , Michael J. De Lucia , Kenneth E. Barner

The growing popularity of Android requires malware detection systems that can keep up with the pace of new software being released. According to a recent study, a new piece of malware appears online every 12 seconds. To address this, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Ali Muzaffar , Hani Ragab Hassen , Hind Zantout , Michael A Lones

Over the last decade, machine learning has been extensively applied to identify malicious Android applications. However, such approaches remain vulnerable against adversarial examples, i.e., examples that are subtly manipulated to fool a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Daniel Pulido-Cortázar , Daniel Gibert , Felip Manyà

Classifiers deployed in the real world operate in a dynamic environment, where the data distribution can change over time. These changes, referred to as concept drift, can cause the predictive performance of the classifier to drop over…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-04 Tegjyot Singh Sethi , Mehmed Kantardzic

Deployed machine learning models are confronted with the problem of changing data over time, a phenomenon also called concept drift. While existing approaches of concept drift detection already show convincing results, they require true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Lucas Baier , Tim Schlör , Jakob Schöffer , Niklas Kühl

The deep learning approach to detecting malicious software (malware) is promising but has yet to tackle the problem of dataset shift, namely that the joint distribution of examples and their labels associated with the test set is different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Deqiang Li , Tian Qiu , Shuo Chen , Qianmu Li , Shouhuai Xu

In applied machine learning, concept drift, which is either gradual or abrupt changes in data distribution, can significantly reduce model performance. Typical detection methods,such as statistical tests or reconstruction-based models,are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 N Harshit , K Mounvik

Smartphones have become an intrinsic part of human's life. The smartphone unifies diverse advanced characteristics. It enables users to store various data such as photos, health data, credential bank data, and personal information. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Abdelmonim Naway , Yuancheng Li