English
Related papers

Related papers: Does Representation Intervention Really Identify D…

200 papers

Safety trained large language models (LLMs) can often be induced to answer harmful requests through jailbreak prompts. Because we lack a robust understanding of why LLMs are susceptible to jailbreaks, future frontier models operating more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Shubham Kumar , Narendra Ahuja

The opaque nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to significant research efforts aimed at enhancing their interpretability, primarily through post-hoc methods. More recent in-hoc approaches, such as Concept Bottleneck Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Or Raphael Bidusa , Shaul Markovitch

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance, they remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that circumvent safety constraints. Existing strategies, ranging from heuristic prompt engineering to computationally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wenpeng Xing , Moran Fang , Guangtai Wang , Changting Lin , Meng Han

In this paper, we study an emergent self-debiasing mechanisms against stereotypical content in Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike traditional safety mechanisms that are primarily triggered by explicit input-level stimuli, self-debiasing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingshen Zhang , Bo Wang , Yanlin Fu , Dongming Zhao , Ruifang He , Yuexian Hou , Zifei Yu

Recent methods for improving LLM mathematical reasoning, whether through MCTS-based test-time search or causal graph-guided knowledge injection, cannot identify which concepts causally contribute to a correct answer, as the observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tsuyoshi Okita

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has demonstrated remarkable success in engaging in conversations involving visual inputs, thanks to the superior power of large language models (LLMs). Those MLLMs are typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiahui Gao , Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Han Wu , Lanqing Hong , Lingpeng Kong , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries manipulate prompts to generate harmful outputs. Examining jailbreak prompts helps uncover the shortcomings of LLMs. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Weixiong Zheng , Peijian Zeng , Yiwei Li , Hongyan Wu , Nankai Lin , Junhao Chen , Aimin Yang , Yongmei Zhou

We investigate the internal representations of vision-language models (VLMs) to address hallucinations, a persistent challenge despite advances in model size and training. We project VLMs' internal image representations to their language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Nick Jiang , Anish Kachinthaya , Suzie Petryk , Yossi Gandelsman

Large language models (LLMs) can generate long-form and coherent text, yet they often hallucinate facts, which undermines their reliability. To mitigate this issue, inference-time methods steer LLM representations toward the "truthful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Farima Fatahi Bayat , Xin Liu , H. V. Jagadish , Lu Wang

Vision Language Action (VLA) models close the perception action loop by translating multimodal instructions into executable behaviors, but this very capability magnifies safety risks: jailbreaks that merely yield toxic text in LLMs can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Siqi Wen , Shu Yang , Shaopeng Fu , Jingfeng Zhang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

We address jailbreaks, backdoors, and unlearning for large language models (LLMs). Unlike prior work, which trains LLMs based on their actions when given malign instructions, our method specifically trains the model to change how it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Eric Easley , Sebastian Farquhar

Transformer language models (LMs) have been shown to represent concepts as directions in the latent space of hidden activations. However, for any human-interpretable concept, how can we find its direction in the latent space? We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 David Chanin , Anthony Hunter , Oana-Maria Camburu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in general domains, their reliability often falls short in scientific problem-solving. The advancement of scientific AI depends on large-scale, high-quality corpora. However, existing scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 You-Le Fang , Dong-Shan Jian , Xiang Li , Ce Meng , Ling-Shi Meng , Chen-Xu Yan , Zhi-Zhang Bian , Yan-Qing Ma

Stance detection automatically detects the stance in a text towards a target, vital for content analysis in web and social media research. Despite their promising capabilities, LLMs encounter challenges when directly applied to stance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Xiaochong Lan , Chen Gao , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in various tasks, yet their safety and the risk of generating harmful content remain pressing concerns. In this paper, we delve into the potential of In-Context Learning (ICL) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zeming Wei , Yifei Wang , Ang Li , Yichuan Mo , Yisen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly employ alignment techniques to prevent harmful outputs. Despite these safeguards, attackers can circumvent them by crafting adversarial prompts. Predominant token-level optimization methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiawei Lian , Jianhong Pan , Lefan Wang , Yi Wang , Tairan Huang , Shaohui Mei , Lap-Pui Chau

With the widespread real-world deployment of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their behavior complies with safety standards has become crucial. Jailbreak attacks exploit vulnerabilities in LLMs to induce undesirable behavior, posing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jiaqi Wu , Chen Chen , Chunyan Hou , Xiaojie Yuan

In this paper, we investigate how concept-based models (CMs) respond to out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. CMs are interpretable neural architectures that first predict a set of high-level concepts (e.g., stripes, black) and then predict a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateo Espinosa Zarlenga , Gabriele Dominici , Pietro Barbiero , Zohreh Shams , Mateja Jamnik

Causal effect estimation from observational data requires careful adjustment for confounding. Classical estimators such as inverse probability weighting and augmented inverse probability weighting are effective under favorable model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-28 Lei Wang , Debashis Ghosh

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) ground image classification on human-understandable concepts to allow for interpretable model decisions. Crucially, the CBM design inherently allows for human interventions, in which expert users are given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Nishad Singhi , Jae Myung Kim , Karsten Roth , Zeynep Akata
‹ Prev 1 2 3 10 Next ›