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The increasing deployment of advanced digital technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in industrial environments is enabling the productive use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Nicolas Jourdan , Sagar Sen , Erik Johannes Husom , Enrique Garcia-Ceja , Tobias Biegel , Joachim Metternich

Web access today occurs predominantly through mobile devices, with Android representing a significant share of the mobile device market. This widespread usage makes Android a prime target for malicious attacks. Despite efforts to combat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Nishavi Ranaweera , Jiarui Xu , Suranga Seneviratne , Aruna Seneviratne

In recent years, the rise of cyber threats has emphasized the need for robust malware detection systems, especially on mobile devices. Malware, which targets vulnerabilities in devices and user data, represents a substantial security risk.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 J. V. S. Souza , C. B. Vieira , G. D. C. Cavalcanti , R. M. O. Cruz

The malware analysis and detection research community relies on the online platform VirusTotal to label Android apps based on the scan results of around 60 antiviral scanners. Unfortunately, there are no standards on how to best interpret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Aleieldin Salem , Sebastian Banescu , Alexander Pretschner

In this paper we present LiM ("Less is More"), a malware classification framework that leverages Federated Learning to detect and classify malicious apps in a privacy-respecting manner. Information about newly installed apps is kept locally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Rafa Gálvez , Veelasha Moonsamy , Claudia Diaz

The vulnerability of smartphones to cyberattacks has been a severe concern to users arising from the integrity of installed applications (\textit{apps}). Although applications are to provide legitimate and diversified on-the-go services,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Amirmohammad Pasdar , Young Choon Lee , Seok-Hee Hong

The Android operating system is the most spread mobile platform in the world. Therefor attackers are producing an incredible number of malware applications for Android. Our aim is to detect Android's malware in order to protect the user. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Alain Menelet , Charles-Edmond Bichot

The current state-of-the-art Android malware detection systems are based on machine learning and deep learning models. Despite having superior performance, these models are susceptible to adversarial attacks. Therefore in this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Hemant Rathore , Sanjay K. Sahay , Piyush Nikam , Mohit Sewak

Evaluating the quality of synthetic data remains a persistent challenge in the Android malware domain due to instability and the lack of standardization among existing metrics. This work integrates into MalDataGen a Super-Metric that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Anna Luiza Gomes da Silva , Diego Kreutz , Angelo Diniz , Rodrigo Mansilha , Celso Nobre da Fonseca

ML models are increasingly being pushed to mobile devices, for low-latency inference and offline operation. However, once the models are deployed, it is hard for ML operators to track their accuracy, which can degrade unpredictably (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Wei Hao , Zixi Wang , Lauren Hong , Lingxiao Li , Nader Karayanni , Chengzhi Mao , Junfeng Yang , Asaf Cidon

With the number of new mobile malware instances increasing by over 50\% annually since 2012 [24], malware embedding in mobile apps is arguably one of the most serious security issues mobile platforms are exposed to. While obfuscation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Muhammad Ikram , Pierrick Beaume , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

AI methods have been proven to yield impressive performance on Android malware detection. However, most AI-based methods make predictions of suspicious samples in a black-box manner without transparency on models' inference. The expectation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zhi Lu , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Is Android malware classification a solved problem? Published F1 scores of up to 0.99 appear to leave very little room for improvement. In this paper, we argue that results are commonly inflated due to two pervasive sources of experimental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Feargus Pendlebury , Fabio Pierazzi , Roberto Jordaney , Johannes Kinder , Lorenzo Cavallaro

This study examines whether Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) can approximate the performance of fully fine-tuned models in generating human-interpretable decisions and explanations for malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Stephen C. Gravereaux , Sheikh Rabiul Islam

With the increasing user base of Android devices and advent of technologies such as Internet Banking, delicate user data is prone to be misused by malware and spyware applications. As the app developer community increases, the quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Dhruv Rathi , Rajni Jindal

Mobile malware are malicious programs that target mobile devices. They are an increasing problem, as seen in the rise of detected mobile malware samples per year. The number of active smartphone users is expected to grow, stressing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 J. S. Panman de Wit , J. van der Ham , D. Bucur

Malicious software (malware) classification offers a unique challenge for continual learning (CL) regimes due to the volume of new samples received on a daily basis and the evolution of malware to exploit new vulnerabilities. On a typical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Mohammad Saidur Rahman , Scott E. Coull , Matthew Wright

The rising use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to create and disseminate malware poses a significant cybersecurity challenge due to their ability to generate and distribute attacks with ease. A single prompt can initiate a wide array of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jamal Al-Karaki , Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan , Marwan Omar

Smartphones and mobile devices are rapidly becoming indispensable devices for many users. Unfortunately, they also become fertile grounds for hackers to deploy malware and to spread virus. There is an urgent need to have a "security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-09-24 Min Zheng , Mingshen Sun , John C. S. Lui

Android malware detection is a critical step towards building a security credible system. Especially, manual search for the potential malicious code has plagued program analysts for a long time. In this paper, we propose Droidetec, a deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Zhuo Ma , Haoran Ge , Zhuzhu Wang , Yang Liu , Ximeng Liu