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Student's $t$ statistic is finding applications today that were never envisaged when it was introduced more than a century ago. Many of these applications rely on properties, for example robustness against heavy tailed sampling…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-01-25 Aurore Delaigle , Peter Hall , Jiashun Jin

Heavy-tailed distributions are widely used in robust mixture modelling due to possessing thick tails. As a computationally tractable subclass of the stable distributions, sub-Gaussian $\alpha$-stable distribution received much interest in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-25 Mahdi Teimouri , Saeid Rezakhah , Adel Mohammdpour

State-space models are pivotal for dynamic system analysis but often struggle with outlier data that deviates from Gaussian distributions, frequently exhibiting skewness and heavy tails. This paper introduces a robust extension utilizing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-31 Yifan Yu , Shengjie Xiu , Daniel P. Palomar

Using the framework of factor models, we establish the general expression of the coefficient of tail dependence between the market and a stock (i.e., the probability that the stock incurs a large loss, assuming that the market has also…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-10 Y. Malevergne , D. Sornette

Estimating the expectation of a real-valued function of a random variable from sample data is a critical aspect of statistical analysis, with far-reaching implications in various applications. Current methodologies typically assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Paweł Lorek , Rafał Nowak , Rafał Topolnicki , Tomasz Trzciński , Maciej Zięba , Aleksandra Krystecka

Estimation of structure, such as in variable selection, graphical modelling or cluster analysis is notoriously difficult, especially for high-dimensional data. We introduce stability selection. It is based on subsampling in combination with…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-05-16 Nicolai Meinshausen , Peter Buehlmann

Rejection sampling is a technique for sampling from difficult distributions. However, its use is limited due to a high rejection rate. Common adaptive rejection sampling methods either work only for very specific distributions or without…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-27 Akram Erraqabi , Michal Valko , Alexandra Carpentier , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard

This article introduces a non-parametric information-theoretic approach to inference about the tail of a continuous or a discrete distribution. Leveraging a new concept named tail profile -- a set of information-theoretic quantities…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-19 Jialin Zhang , Zhiyi Zhang

This paper attempts to provide a decision-theoretic foundation for the measurement of economic tail risk, which is not only closely related to utility theory but also relevant to statistical model uncertainty. The main result is that the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-08-18 Steven Kou , Xianhua Peng

In a coherent reliability system composed of multiple components configured according to a specific structure function, the distribution of system time to failure, or system lifetime, is often of primary interest. Accurate estimation of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-19 Beidi Qiang , Edsel Pena

To maintain the accuracy of supervised learning models in the presence of evolving data streams, we provide temporally-biased sampling schemes that weight recent data most heavily, with inclusion probabilities for a given data item decaying…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Brian Hentschel , Peter J. Haas , Yuanyuan Tian

Stable distribution is one of the attractive models that well describes fat-tail behaviors and scaling phenomena in various scientific fields. The approach based upon the method of moments yields a simple procedure for estimating stable law…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-24 Shinji Kakinaka , Ken Umeno

Meta learning is a promising paradigm to enable skill transfer across tasks. Most previous methods employ the empirical risk minimization principle in optimization. However, the resulting worst fast adaptation to a subset of tasks can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Qi Wang , Yiqin Lv , Yanghe Feng , Zheng Xie , Jincai Huang

Long-tail motion forecasting is a core challenge for autonomous driving, where rare yet safety-critical events-such as abrupt maneuvers and dense multi-agent interactions-dominate real-world risk. Existing approaches struggle in these…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Bin Rao , Chengyue Wang , Haicheng Liao , Qianfang Wang , Yanchen Guan , Jiaxun Zhang , Xingcheng Liu , Meixin Zhu , Kanye Ye Wang , Zhenning Li

This paper considers the specification of covariance structures with tail estimates. We focus on two aspects: (i) the estimation of the VaR-CoVaR risk matrix in the case of larger number of time series observations than assets in a…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-07-25 Christis Katsouris

For multivariate distributions in the domain of attraction of a max-stable distribution, the tail copula and the stable tail dependence function are equivalent ways to capture the dependence in the upper tail. The empirical versions of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-09 John H. J. Einmahl , Johan Segers

In this paper we develop a novel inferential approach based on geometric records for estimating the tail index of heavy-tailed distributions. We construct a maximum likelihood estimator for the Pareto model and establish its strong…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Martín Alcalde , Raúl Gouet , Miguel Lafuente , F. Javier López , Gerardo Sanz

Bayesian analysis plays a crucial role in estimating distribution of unknown parameters for given data and model. Due to the curse of dimensionality, it becomes difficult for high-dimensional problems, especially when multiple modes exist.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-18 Zihan Liao , Binbin Li , Hua-Ping Wan

Long-tailed classification poses a challenge due to its heavy imbalance in class probabilities and tail-sensitivity risks with asymmetric misprediction costs. Recent attempts have used re-balancing loss and ensemble methods, but they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Standard inference about a scalar parameter estimated via GMM amounts to applying a t-test to a particular set of observations. If the number of observations is not very large, then moderately heavy tails can lead to poor behavior of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-07-15 Ulrich K. Mueller