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Mathematical reasoning is regarded as a necessary ability for Language Models (LMs). Recent works demonstrate large LMs' impressive performance in solving math problems. The success is attributed to their Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Tianduo Wang , Wei Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities when trained with chain-of-thought (CoT) supervision. However, the long and verbose CoT traces, especially those distilled from large reasoning models (LRMs) such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jinghan Jia , Hadi Reisizadeh , Chongyu Fan , Nathalie Baracaldo , Mingyi Hong , Sijia Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning through chain of thought (CoT) prompting. Recently, there has been a growing interest in transferring these reasoning abilities from LLMs to smaller…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Hongzhan Chen , Siyue Wu , Xiaojun Quan , Rui Wang , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1, have demonstrated strong performance gains by scaling up the length of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning during inference. However, a growing concern lies in their…

Data-centric distillation, including data augmentation, selection, and mixing, offers a promising path to creating smaller, more efficient student Large Language Models (LLMs) that retain strong reasoning abilities. However, there still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ruichen Zhang , Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Zhen Tan , Dawei Li , Song Wang , Tianlong Chen

A key paradigm to improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is to allocate more inference-time compute to search against a verifier or reward model. This process can then be utilized to refine the pretrained model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Juno Kim , Denny Wu , Jason Lee , Taiji Suzuki

While Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated success in complex reasoning tasks through long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, their inference often involves excessively verbose reasoning traces, resulting in substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuxuan Jiang , Dawei Li , Francis Ferraro

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a simple and effective method for improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). The basic idea of CoT is to let LLMs break down their thought processes step-by-step by putting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yoonjeong Park , Hyunjin Kim , Chanyeol Choi , Junseong Kim , Jy-yong Sohn

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (RLLMs), whether explicitly trained for reasoning or prompted via chain-of-thought (CoT), have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many complex reasoning tasks. However, we uncover a surprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiaomin Li , Zhou Yu , Zhiwei Zhang , Xupeng Chen , Ziji Zhang , Yingying Zhuang , Narayanan Sadagopan , Anurag Beniwal

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) is a critical technique in enhancing the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), and latent reasoning methods have been proposed to accelerate the inefficient token-level reasoning chain. We notice that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Fangwei Zhu , Zhifang Sui

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are widely used in many sub-fields of natural language processing (NLP) and generally known as excellent few-shot learners with task-specific exemplars. Notably, chain of thought (CoT) prompting, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Takeshi Kojima , Shixiang Shane Gu , Machel Reid , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Multimodal Named Entity Recognition (MNER) and Multimodal Relation Extraction (MRE) necessitate the fundamental reasoning capacity for intricate linguistic and multimodal comprehension. In this study, we explore distilling the reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Feng Chen , Yujian Feng

A practical approach to activate long chain-of-thoughts reasoning ability in pre-trained large language models is to perform supervised fine-tuning on instruction datasets synthesized by strong Large Reasoning Models such as DeepSeek-R1,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Cehao Yang , Xueyuan Lin , Xiaojun Wu , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Honghao Liu , Hui Xiong , Jian Guo

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by encouraging step-by-step reasoning in natural language. However, leveraging a latent continuous space for reasoning may offer benefits in terms of both efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zhenyi Shen , Hanqi Yan , Linhai Zhang , Zhanghao Hu , Yali Du , Yulan He

Distilling explicit chain-of-thought reasoning paths has emerged as an effective method for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks. However, when tackling complex tasks that pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Jierui Li , Raymond Mooney

Distilling the thinking traces of a Large Language Model (LLM) with reasoning capabilities into a smaller model has been proven effective. Yet, there is a scarcity of work done on how model performances scale with the quantity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Muyu He , Muhammad Ali Shafique , Anand Kumar , Tsach Mackey , Nazneen Rajani

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional CoT often relies on unstructured, flat reasoning chains that suffer from redundancy and suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xingshuai Huang , Derek Li , Bahareh Nikpour , Parsa Omidi

While Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning significantly improves Large Language Models (LLMs) performance on complex reasoning tasks, the substantial computational and memory costs of generating long CoT sequences limit their efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Liang Zhang , Yu Zhao , Longyue Wang , Tianqi Shi , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jinsong Su

Recent works have shown that chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting can elicit language models to solve complex reasoning tasks, step-by-step. However, prompt-based CoT methods are dependent on very large models such as GPT-3 175B which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Namgyu Ho , Laura Schmid , Se-Young Yun

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has been highly successful in solving complex tasks in natural language processing, and recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have extended this paradigm to video reasoning. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yiwu Zhong , Zi-Yuan Hu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang