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Diffusion models are a class of generative models that serve to establish a stochastic transport map between an empirically observed, yet unknown, target distribution and a known prior. Despite their remarkable success in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Puheng Li , Zhong Li , Huishuai Zhang , Jiang Bian

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual content generation but remain challenging to deploy due to their high computational cost during inference. This computational burden primarily arises from the quadratic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Ye Tian , Xin Xia , Yuxi Ren , Shanchuan Lin , Xing Wang , Xuefeng Xiao , Yunhai Tong , Ling Yang , Bin Cui

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have achieved impressive success in visual generation. While, they suffer from slow inference speed due to iterative sampling. Employing fewer sampling steps is an intuitive solution, but this will also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hu Yu , Hao Luo , Fan Wang , Feng Zhao

With the incorporation of the UNet architecture, diffusion probabilistic models have become a dominant force in image generation tasks. One key design in UNet is the skip connections between the encoder and decoder blocks. Although skip…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Jiajun Ma , Shuchen Xue , Tianyang Hu , Wenjia Wang , Zhaoqiang Liu , Zhenguo Li , Zhi-Ming Ma , Kenji Kawaguchi

Denoising diffusion models have spurred significant gains in density modeling and image generation, precipitating an industrial revolution in text-guided AI art generation. We introduce a new mathematical foundation for diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Xianghao Kong , Rob Brekelmans , Greg Ver Steeg

Diffusion probabilistic models generate samples by learning to reverse a noise-injection process that transforms data into noise. A key development is the reformulation of the reverse sampling process as a deterministic probability flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Zhengjiang Lin

Addressing real-world optimization problems becomes particularly challenging when analytic objective functions or constraints are unavailable. While numerous studies have addressed the issue of unknown objectives, limited research has…

We present a novel approach to leverage prior knowledge encapsulated in pre-trained text-to-image diffusion models for blind super-resolution (SR). Specifically, by employing our time-aware encoder, we can achieve promising restoration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jianyi Wang , Zongsheng Yue , Shangchen Zhou , Kelvin C. K. Chan , Chen Change Loy

Transfer learning is an essential technique for many machine learning/AI models of complex structures such as large language models and generative AI. The essence of transfer learning is to leverage knowledge from resolved source tasks for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-21 Haoyang Cao , Xin Guo , Wenpin Tang , Guan Wang

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have shown remarkable performance in high-resolution image synthesis, but their sampling efficiency is still to be desired due to the typically large number of sampling steps. Recent advancements in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Shuchen Xue , Zhaoqiang Liu , Fei Chen , Shifeng Zhang , Tianyang Hu , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li

We introduce a score-based generative sampling method for solving the nonlinear filtering problem with robust accuracy. A major drawback of existing nonlinear filtering methods, e.g., particle filters, is the low stability. To overcome this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Feng Bao , Zezhong Zhang , Guannan Zhang

The paper presents some models for the propensity score. Considerable attention is given to a recently popular, but relatively under-explored setting in causal inference where the no-interference assumption does not hold. We lay out some…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-16 Hyunseung Kang , Chan Park , Ralph Trane

The choice of prior is central to solving ill-posed imaging inverse problems, making it essential to select one consistent with the measurements $y$ to avoid severe bias. In Bayesian inverse problems, this could be achieved by evaluating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Frederic Wang , Katherine L. Bouman

Diffusion-based models have achieved notable empirical successes in reinforcement learning (RL) due to their expressiveness in modeling complex distributions. Despite existing methods being promising, the key challenge of extending existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Dmitry Shribak , Chen-Xiao Gao , Yitong Li , Chenjun Xiao , Bo Dai

Training models that perform well under distribution shifts is a central challenge in machine learning. In this paper, we introduce a modeling framework where, in addition to training data, we have partial structural knowledge of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Tobias Sutter , Andreas Krause , Daniel Kuhn

Diffusion models, today's leading image generative models, estimate the score function, i.e. the gradient of the log probability of (perturbed) data samples, without direct access to the underlying probability distribution. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jonathan Brokman , Itay Gershon , Amit Giloni , Omer Hofman , Roman Vainshtein , Hisashi Kojima , Guy Gilboa

Conditional diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in various generative tasks recently, but their training typically relies on large-scale datasets that inevitably contain imprecise information in conditional inputs. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Dong-Dong Wu , Jiacheng Cui , Wei Wang , Zhiqiang Shen , Masashi Sugiyama

Learning of continuous exponential family distributions with unbounded support remains an important area of research for both theory and applications in high-dimensional statistics. In recent years, score matching has become a widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Devin Smedira , Abhijith Jayakumar , Sidhant Misra , Marc Vuffray , Andrey Y. Lokhov

Obtaining guarantees on the convergence of the minimizers of empirical risks to the ones of the true risk is a fundamental matter in statistical learning. Instead of deriving guarantees on the usual estimation error, the goal of this paper…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Paul Escande

It is well known that training a denoising score-based diffusion models requires tens of thousands of epochs and a substantial number of image data to train the model. In this paper, we propose to increase the efficiency in training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Andrew S. Na , William Gao , Justin W. L. Wan