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Automated mathematical reasoning is a challenging problem that requires an agent to learn algebraic patterns that contain long-range dependencies. Two particular tasks that test this type of reasoning are (1) mathematical equation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Ankur Mali , Alexander Ororbia , Daniel Kifer , C. Lee Giles

Deep neural networks come in many sizes and architectures. The choice of architecture, in conjunction with the dataset and learning algorithm, is commonly understood to affect the learned neural representations. Yet, recent results have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Loek van Rossem , Andrew M. Saxe

As a method of universal approximation deep neural networks (DNNs) are capable of finding approximate solutions to problems posed with little more constraints than a suitably-posed mathematical system and an objective function.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-02 D. W. Crews

In the Random Subset Sum Problem, given $n$ i.i.d. random variables $X_1, ..., X_n$, we wish to approximate any point $z \in [-1,1]$ as the sum of a suitable subset $X_{i_1(z)}, ..., X_{i_s(z)}$ of them, up to error $\varepsilon$. Despite…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Luca Becchetti , Arthur Carvalho Walraven da Cunha , Andrea Clementi , Francesco d'Amore , Hicham Lesfari , Emanuele Natale , Luca Trevisan

The stunning empirical successes of neural networks currently lack rigorous theoretical explanation. What form would such an explanation take, in the face of existing complexity-theoretic lower bounds? A first step might be to show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Le Song , Santosh Vempala , John Wilmes , Bo Xie

We introduce an algorithm for designing Neural Group Actions, collections of deep neural network architectures which model symmetric transformations satisfying the laws of a given finite group. This generalizes involutive neural networks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-09 Span Spanbauer , Luke Sciarappa

We improve recently published results about resources of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) and Deep Belief Networks (DBN) required to make them Universal Approximators. We show that any distribution p on the set of binary vectors of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-07-27 Guido Montufar , Nihat Ay

Probabilistic abstract interpretation is a theory used to extract particular properties of a computer program when it is infeasible to test every single inputs. In this paper we apply the theory on neural networks for the same purpose: to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zhuofan Zhang , Herbert Wiklicky

The lack of interpretability has hindered the large-scale adoption of AI technologies. However, the fundamental idea of interpretability, as well as how to put it into practice, remains unclear. We provide notions of interpretability based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Hangcheng Dong , Bingguo Liu , Fengdong Chen , Dong Ye , Guodong Liu

Monotonic neural networks have recently been proposed as a way to define invertible transformations. These transformations can be combined into powerful autoregressive flows that have been shown to be universal approximators of continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Antoine Wehenkel , Gilles Louppe

The unprecedented performance achieved by deep convolutional neural networks for image classification is linked primarily to their ability of capturing rich structural features at various layers within networks. Here we design a series of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Shuaicheng Liu , Zehao Zhang , Kai Song , Bing Zeng

This paper develops fundamental limits of deep neural network learning by characterizing what is possible if no constraints are imposed on the learning algorithm and on the amount of training data. Concretely, we consider Kolmogorov-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Dennis Elbrächter , Dmytro Perekrestenko , Philipp Grohs , Helmut Bölcskei

Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) is widely applied in cryptography, coding theory, and signal processing. It has been extended to the multidimensional CRT (MD-CRT), which reconstructs an integer vector from its vector remainders modulo…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Guangpu Guo , Xiang-Gen Xia

The lottery ticket hypothesis conjectures the existence of sparse subnetworks of large randomly initialized deep neural networks that can be successfully trained in isolation. Recent work has experimentally observed that some of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Rebekka Burkholz , Nilanjana Laha , Rajarshi Mukherjee , Alkis Gotovos

We define a neural network in infinite dimensional spaces for which we can show the universal approximation property. Indeed, we derive approximation results for continuous functions from a Fr\'echet space $\X$ into a Banach space $\Y$. The…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-18 Fred Espen Benth , Nils Detering , Luca Galimberti

Recent years have witnessed a hot wave of deep neural networks in various domains; however, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A theoretical characterization of deep neural networks should point out their approximation ability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Gao Zhang , Jin-Hui Wu , Shao-Qun Zhang

Motivated by the rapidly growing field of mathematics for operator approximation with neural networks, we present a novel universal operator approximation theorem for a broad class of encoder-decoder architectures. In this study, we focus…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Janek Gödeke , Pascal Fernsel

We propose a new algorithm to learn a one-hidden-layer convolutional neural network where both the convolutional weights and the outputs weights are parameters to be learned. Our algorithm works for a general class of (potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Simon S. Du , Surbhi Goel

Purpose: We propose a novel method for continual learning based on the increasing depth of neural networks. This work explores whether extending neural network depth may be beneficial in a life-long learning setting. Methods: We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Jędrzej Kozal , Michał Woźniak

We argue that many properties of fully-connected feedforward neural networks (FCNNs), also called multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), are explainable from the analysis of a single pair of operations, namely a random projection into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Sayandev Mukherjee , Bernardo A. Huberman