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As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into clinical decision-making, ensuring transparent and trustworthy reasoning is essential. However, existing evaluation strategies of LLMs' medical reasoning capability either…

Large language models (LLMs) perform well on step-by-step reasoning benchmarks such as mathematics and code generation, yet their ability to carry out robust long-horizon planning under realistic constraints remains insufficiently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Petr Anokhin , Roman Khalikov , Stefan Rebrikov , Viktor Volkov , Artyom Sorokin , Vincent Bissonnette

The ability to distinguish subtle differences between visually similar images is essential for diverse domains such as industrial anomaly detection, medical imaging, and aerial surveillance. While comparative reasoning benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Minkyu Kim , Sangheon Lee , Dongmin Park

AI-driven models have shown great promise in detecting errors in radiology reports, yet the field lacks a unified benchmark for rigorous evaluation of error detection and further correction. To address this gap, we introduce CorBenchX, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jing Zou , Qingqiu Li , Chenyu Lian , Lihao Liu , Xiaohan Yan , Shujun Wang , Jing Qin

Large Multi-modality Models (LMMs) have made significant progress in visual understanding and generation, but they still face challenges in General Visual Editing, particularly in following complex instructions, preserving appearance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiangyu Zhao , Peiyuan Zhang , Kexian Tang , Xiaorong Zhu , Hao Li , Wenhao Chai , Zicheng Zhang , Renqiu Xia , Guangtao Zhai , Junchi Yan , Hua Yang , Xue Yang , Haodong Duan

Recent advancements in multimodal slow-thinking systems have demonstrated remarkable performance across various visual reasoning tasks. However, their capabilities in text-rich image reasoning tasks remain understudied due to the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mingxin Huang , Yongxin Shi , Dezhi Peng , Songxuan Lai , Zecheng Xie , Lianwen Jin

Existing reasoning evaluation frameworks for Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) predominantly assess either text-based reasoning or vision-language understanding capabilities, with limited dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jixuan Leng , Chengsong Huang , Langlin Huang , Bill Yuchen Lin , William W. Cohen , Haohan Wang , Jiaxin Huang

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an open-source multimodal large language model (CXR-LLAVA) for interpreting chest X-ray images (CXRs), leveraging recent advances in large language models (LLMs) to potentially replicate the image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Seowoo Lee , Jiwon Youn , Hyungjin Kim , Mansu Kim , Soon Ho Yoon

The advent of large language models (LLMs) and their adoption by the legal community has given rise to the question: what types of legal reasoning can LLMs perform? To enable greater study of this question, we present LegalBench: a…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on visual question answering benchmarks, yet often rely on spurious correlations rather than genuine causal reasoning. Existing evaluations primarily assess the correctness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Dhita Putri Pratama , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding

Medical report interpretation plays a crucial role in healthcare, enabling both patient-facing explanations and effective information flow across clinical systems. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) and large language models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Fangxin Shang , Yuan Xia , Dalu Yang , Yahui Wang , Binglin Yang

Autonomous aerial systems increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs) for mission planning, perception, and decision-making, yet the lack of standardized and physically grounded benchmarks limits systematic evaluation of their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel on standardized medical exams, high scores often fail to translate to high-quality responses for real-world medical queries. Current evaluations rely heavily on multiple-choice questions, failing to…

We introduce seqBench, a parametrized benchmark for probing sequential reasoning limits in Large Language Models (LLMs) through precise, multi-dimensional control over several key complexity dimensions. seqBench allows systematic variation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Mohammad Ramezanali , Mo Vazifeh , Paolo Santi

Purpose: Accurate assessment of the Critical View of Safety (CVS) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is essential to prevent bile duct injury, a complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While large vision-language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Weiqiu You , Cassandra Goldberg , Amin Madani , Daniel A. Hashimoto , Eric Wong

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly prominent in the field of artificial intelligence. These models not only excel in traditional vision-language tasks but also demonstrate impressive performance in contemporary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaotian Han , Quanzeng You , Yongfei Liu , Wentao Chen , Huangjie Zheng , Khalil Mrini , Xudong Lin , Yiqi Wang , Bohan Zhai , Jianbo Yuan , Heng Wang , Hongxia Yang

We introduce an extensive qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning (QSTR) benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs). We pose questions concerning compositional reasoning (using composition tables, CT), converse relations, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anthony G. Cohn , Robert E. Blackwell

Visual grounding is essential for precise perception and reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), especially in medical imaging domains. While existing medical visual grounding benchmarks primarily focus on single-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jingkun Yue , Siqi Zhang , Zinan Jia , Huihuan Xu , Zongbo Han , Xiaohong Liu , Guangyu Wang

Current vision-language models (VLMs) in medicine are primarily designed for categorical question answering (e.g., "Is this normal or abnormal?") or qualitative descriptive tasks. However, clinical decision-making often relies on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yongcheng Yao , Yongshuo Zong , Raman Dutt , Yongxin Yang , Sotirios A Tsaftaris , Timothy Hospedales

MLLMs MLLMs are beginning to appear in clinical workflows, but their ability to perform complex medical reasoning remains unclear. We present Med-CMR, a fine-grained Medical Complex Multimodal Reasoning benchmark. Med-CMR distinguishes from…

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