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Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum

Large language model (LLM) training is often bottlenecked by memory constraints and stochastic gradient noise in extremely high-dimensional parameter spaces. Motivated by empirical evidence that many LLM gradient matrices are effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zehao Li , Tao Ren , Zishi Zhang , Xi Chen , Yijie Peng

Training efficiency in large-scale models is typically assessed through memory consumption, training time, and model performance. Current methods often exhibit trade-offs among these metrics, as optimizing one generally degrades at least…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tianhao Miao , Zhongyuan Bao , Lejun Zhang

Approaches for compressing large-language models using low-rank decomposition have made strides, particularly with the introduction of activation and loss-aware SVD, which improves the trade-off between decomposition rank and downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sidhant Sundrani , Francesco Tudisco , Pasquale Minervini

Layer factorization has emerged as a widely used technique for training memory-efficient neural networks. However, layer factorization methods face several challenges, particularly a lack of robustness during the training process. To…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Jonas Kusch , Steffen Schotthöfer , Alexandra Walter

Low-rank approximation methods such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and its variants (e.g., Fisher-weighted SVD, Activation SVD) have recently emerged as effective tools for neural network compression. In this setting, decomposition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haoran Qin , Shansita Sharma , Ali Abbasi , Chayne Thrash , Soheil Kolouri

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tunes large models by learning low-rank updates on top of frozen weights, dramatically reducing trainable parameters and memory. In this work, we address the gap between training with full steps with low-rank…

Parameter-efficient tuning methods such as LoRA could achieve comparable performance to model tuning by tuning a small portion of the parameters. However, substantial computational resources are still required, as this process involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Feihu Jin , Yin Liu , Ying Tan

We revisit continual learning~(CL), which enables pre-trained vision transformers (ViTs) to sequentially fine-tune on new downstream tasks over time. However, as the scale of these models increases, catastrophic forgetting remains a more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Huancheng Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu

In this paper, we present a predictor-corrector strategy for constructing rank-adaptive dynamical low-rank approximations (DLRAs) of matrix-valued ODE systems. The strategy is a compromise between (i) low-rank step-truncation approaches…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-09 Cory Hauck , Stefan Schnake

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for tackling many language-processing tasks. Despite their success, training and fine-tuning these models is still far too computationally and memory intensive. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Roy Miles , Pradyumna Reddy , Ismail Elezi , Jiankang Deng

Linear block transform coding remains a fundamental component of image and video compression. Although the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is widely employed in all current compression standards, its sub-optimality has sparked ongoing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Alessandro Gnutti , Chia-Hao Kao , Wen-Hsiao Peng , Riccardo Leonardi

Deep learning methods, in particular, trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have recently been shown to produce compelling results for single image Super-Resolution (SR). Invariably, a CNN is learned to map the Low Resolution (LR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Tiantong Guo , Hojjat S. Mousavi , Vishal Monga

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

The computation of accurate low-rank matrix approximations is central to improving the scalability of various techniques in machine learning, uncertainty quantification, and control. Traditionally, low-rank approximations are constructed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Nathaniel Pritchard , Taejun Park , Yuji Nakatsukasa , Per-Gunnar Martinsson

Recent low-rank training methods, such as GaLore, have significantly reduced the memory required to optimize large language models (LLMs). However, these methods often suffer from time-consuming low-rank projection estimations. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Xutao Liao , Shaohui Li , Yuhui Xu , Zhi Li , Yu Liu , You He

A prevalent approach in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained Vision Transformers (ViT) involves freezing the majority of the backbone parameters and solely learning low-rank adaptation weight matrices to accommodate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yiting Yang , Hao Luo , Yuan Sun , Qingsen Yan , Haokui Zhang , Wei Dong , Guoqing Wang , Peng Wang , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly scaled in size, bringing severe memory and computational challenges that hinder their deployment. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-based compression has emerged as an appealing post-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhendong Mi , Bian Sun , Grace Li Zhang , Shaoyi Huang

In this paper we generalize and extend an idea of low-rank adaptation (LoRA) of large language models (LLMs) based on Transformer architecture. Widely used LoRA-like methods of fine-tuning LLMs are based on matrix factorization of gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Daniel Bershatsky , Daria Cherniuk , Talgat Daulbaev , Aleksandr Mikhalev , Ivan Oseledets

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) accelerates taskspecific large language models (LLMs) development, but the resulting proliferation of finetuned models incurs substantial memory overhead. Delta compression addresses this by retaining a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junlin Li , Shuangyong Song , Guodong Du , Ngai Wong , Xuebo Liu , Yongxiang Li , Min Zhang , Jing Li , Xuelong Li
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