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This survey offers a comprehensive overview of Large Language Models (LLMs) designed for Arabic language and its dialects. It covers key architectures, including encoder-only, decoder-only, and encoder-decoder models, along with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Malak Mashaabi , Shahad Al-Khalifa , Hend Al-Khalifa

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in general-purpose machine translation, but their effectiveness in complex, domain-sensitive translation tasks remains underexplored. Recent advancements in Large Reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongshi Ye , Biao Fu , Chongxuan Huang , Yidong Chen , Xiaodong Shi

This paper presents a novel approach to fine-tuning the Qwen2-1.5B model for Arabic language processing using Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation (QLoRA) on a system with only 4GB VRAM. We detail the process of adapting this large language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Prakash Aryan

We introduce {\bf Swan}, a family of embedding models centred around the Arabic language, addressing both small-scale and large-scale use cases. Swan includes two variants: Swan-Small, based on ARBERTv2, and Swan-Large, built on ArMistral,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Gagan Bhatia , El Moatez Billah Nagoudi , Abdellah El Mekki , Fakhraddin Alwajih , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

This study evaluates how well large language models (LLMs) and traditional machine translation (MT) tools translate medical consultation summaries from English into Arabic, Chinese, and Vietnamese. It assesses both patient, friendly and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Andy Li , Wei Zhou , Rashina Hoda , Chris Bain , Peter Poon

Recent advancements in instruction fine-tuning, alignment methods such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), and optimization techniques like direct preference optimization (DPO) have significantly enhanced the adaptability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Samar M. Magdy , Sang Yun Kwon , Fakhraddin Alwajih , Safaa Abdelfadil , Shady Shehata , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Over the past three years, the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a profound impact on multiple areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP) across diverse languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Haneh Rhel , Dmitri Roussinov

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant improvements in various natural language processing tasks. However, the evaluation of LLMs' legal knowledge, particularly in non-English languages such as…

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in various NLP tasks. However, these advances have not been reflected in the translation task, especially those with moderate model sizes (i.e., 7B or 13B…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Haoran Xu , Young Jin Kim , Amr Sharaf , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Developing a high-performing large language models (LLMs) for low-resource languages such as Urdu, present several challenges. These challenges include the scarcity of high-quality datasets, multilingual inconsistencies, and safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Muhammad Ali Shafique , Kanwal Mehreen , Muhammad Arham , Maaz Amjad , Sabur Butt , Hamza Farooq

Climate change is one of the most significant challenges we face together as a society. Creating awareness and educating policy makers the wide-ranging impact of climate change is an essential step towards a sustainable future. Recently,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 have demonstrated impressive proficiency in comprehending and generating natural language. However, they encounter difficulties when tasked with adapting to specialized domains such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Jiayuan Luo , Songhua Yang , Xiaoling Qiu , Panyu Chen , Yufei Nai , Wenxuan Zeng , Wentao Zhang , Xinke Jiang

In the intricate field of legal studies, the analysis of court decisions is a cornerstone for the effective functioning of the judicial system. The ability to predict court outcomes helps judges during the decision-making process and equips…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Adel Ammar , Anis Koubaa , Bilel Benjdira , Omar Najar , Serry Sibaee

This paper addresses critical gaps in Arabic language model evaluation by establishing comprehensive theoretical guidelines and introducing a novel evaluation framework. We first analyze existing Arabic evaluation datasets, identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Serry Sibaee , Omer Nacar , Adel Ammar , Yasser Al-Habashi , Abdulrahman Al-Batati , Wadii Boulila

In this paper, we introduce BiMediX, the first bilingual medical mixture of experts LLM designed for seamless interaction in both English and Arabic. Our model facilitates a wide range of medical interactions in English and Arabic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Sara Pieri , Sahal Shaji Mullappilly , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Salman Khan , Timothy Baldwin , Hisham Cholakkal

Residents of developing countries are disproportionately susceptible to displacement as a result of humanitarian crises. During such crises, language barriers impede aid workers in providing services to those displaced. To build resilience,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Divyansh Agarwal , Yuta Baba , Pratik Sachdeva , Tanya Tandon , Thomas Vetterli , Aziz Alghunaim

In this study, we introduce CT-LLM, a 2B large language model (LLM) that illustrates a pivotal shift towards prioritizing the Chinese language in developing LLMs. Uniquely initiated from scratch, CT-LLM diverges from the conventional…

This paper describes QCRI's machine translation systems for the IWSLT 2016 evaluation campaign. We participated in the Arabic->English and English->Arabic tracks. We built both Phrase-based and Neural machine translation models, in an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , Hassan Sajjad , Stephan Vogel

HTR models development has become a conventional step for digital humanities projects. The performance of these models, often quite high, relies on manual transcription and numerous handwritten documents. Although the method has proven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Lucas Noëmie , Clément Salah , Chahan Vidal-Gorène

Large language models (LLMs) finetuned to follow human instruction have recently exhibited significant capabilities in various English NLP tasks. However, their performance in grammatical error correction (GEC), especially on languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Sang Yun Kwon , Gagan Bhatia , El Moatez Billah Nagoudi , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed