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The endowment of AI with reasoning capabilities and some degree of agency is widely viewed as a path toward more capable and generalizable systems. Our position is that the current development of agentic AI requires a more holistic,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) & Generative AI are transforming cybersecurity, enabling both advanced defenses and new attacks. Organizations now use LLMs for threat detection, code review, and DevSecOps automation, while adversaries leverage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kiarash Ahi , Vaibhav Agrawal , Saeed Valizadeh

This paper reviews the architecture and implementation methods of agents powered by large language models (LLMs). Motivated by the limitations of traditional LLMs in real-world tasks, the research aims to explore patterns to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Victor de Lamo Castrillo , Habtom Kahsay Gidey , Alexander Lenz , Alois Knoll

Autonomous agents powered by large vision and language models (VLM) have demonstrated significant potential in completing daily computer tasks, such as browsing the web to book travel and operating desktop software, which requires agents to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yanzhe Zhang , Tao Yu , Diyi Yang

This review critically distinguishes between AI Agents and Agentic AI, offering a structured, conceptual taxonomy, application mapping, and analysis of opportunities and challenges to clarify their divergent design philosophies and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ranjan Sapkota , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

AI web agents use Internet resources at far greater speed, scale, and complexity -- changing how users and services interact. Deployed maliciously or erroneously, these agents could overload content providers. At the same time, web agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Abhinav Kumar , Jaechul Roh , Ali Naseh , Amir Houmansadr , Eugene Bagdasarian

Over the last couple of years, AI Agents have gained significant traction due to substantial progress in the capabilities of underlying General Purpose AI (GPAI) models, enhanced scaffolding techniques, and the promise to drive societal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Antoni Lorente , Amin Oueslati , Robin Staes-Polet

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational to modern AI agent systems, enabling autonomous agents to reason and plan. In most existing systems, inter-agent communication relies primarily on natural language. While this design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Halimulati Julaiti , Zhongliang Yang

The increasing use of data in various parts of the economic and social systems is creating a new form of monopoly: data monopolies. We illustrate that the companies using these strategies, Datalists, are challenging the existing definitions…

General Economics · Economics 2023-07-18 Catherine E. A. Mulligan , Phil Godsiff

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns about jailbreaking attacks, i.e., prompts that bypass safety mechanisms. This paper investigates the use of multi-agent LLM systems as a defence against such attacks. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Maria Carolina Cornelia Wit , Jun Pang

With advances in generative AI, there is increasing work towards creating autonomous agents that can manage daily tasks by operating user interfaces (UIs). While prior research has studied the mechanics of how AI agents might navigate UIs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhuohao Jerry Zhang , Eldon Schoop , Jeffrey Nichols , Anuj Mahajan , Amanda Swearngin

Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed as interfaces to information on online platforms. These agents filter, prioritize, and synthesize information retrieved from the platforms' back-end databases or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mohammad Aflah Khan , Mahsa Amani , Soumi Das , Bishwamittra Ghosh , Qinyuan Wu , Krishna P. Gummadi , Manish Gupta , Abhilasha Ravichander

Agentic AI denotes an architectural transition from stateless, prompt-driven generative models toward goal-directed systems capable of autonomous perception, planning, action, and adaptation through iterative control loops. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mamdouh Alenezi

The rapid advancement of AI is transforming human-centered systems, with profound implications for human-AI interaction, human-data interaction, and visual analytics. In the AI era, data analysis increasingly involves large-scale,…

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agent systems are increasingly deployed for complex real-world tasks but remain vulnerable to natural language-based attacks that exploit over-privileged tool use. This paper aims to understand and mitigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zimo Ji , Daoyuan Wu , Wenyuan Jiang , Pingchuan Ma , Zongjie Li , Yudong Gao , Shuai Wang , Yingjiu Li

Software systems are increasingly relying on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) components. The emerging popularity of AI techniques in various application domains attracts malicious actors and adversaries. Therefore,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Mohamad Fazelnia , Igor Khokhlov , Mehdi Mirakhorli

AI agents integrated with Web3 offer autonomy and openness but raise security concerns as they interact with financial protocols and immutable smart contracts. This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of AI agents within blockchain-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Atharv Singh Patlan , Peiyao Sheng , S. Ashwin Hebbar , Prateek Mittal , Pramod Viswanath

The impact of frontier AI (i.e., AI agents and foundation models) in cybersecurity is rapidly increasing. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze this trend through multiple aspects: quantitative benchmarks, qualitative literature review,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yujin Potter , Wenbo Guo , Zhun Wang , Tianneng Shi , Hongwei Li , Andy Zhang , Patrick Gage Kelley , Kurt Thomas , Dawn Song

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the secure deployment of large language models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to implant hidden behaviors triggered by specific inputs. However, existing methods often rely on manually crafted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yige Li , Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Nay Myat Min , Hanxun Huang , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

To improve the reasoning and question-answering capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), several multi-agent approaches have been introduced. While these methods enhance performance, the application of collective intelligence-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Ciaran Regan , Alexandre Gournail , Mizuki Oka